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ACI Prensa's latest initiative is the Catholic News Agency (CNA), aimed at serving the English-speaking Catholic audience. ACI Prensa (www.aciprensa.com) is currently the largest provider of Catholic news in Spanish and Portuguese.

Teens who spoke with Pope Leo XIV reflect on the conversation 
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 15:20:00 -0500

Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov 21, 2025 / 15:20 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV answered questions from five teenagers at the National Catholic Youth Conference in Indianapolis during a live digital encounter Friday morning.

Mia Smothers, Micah Alcisto, Ezequiel Ponce, Christopher Pantelakis, and Elise Wing asked Pope Leo questions and held a conversation with him on Nov. 21 as thousands of teens gathered in Lucas Oil Stadium.

The Holy Father discussed matters close to the teens’ hearts including recovering from mistakes, giving worries to Jesus, distractions, technology, and the future of the Church.

Mia Smothers

Mia Smothers, a freshman from Joppa, Maryland, started the conversation with the pope by asking the first question.

“At first I was very nervous, but when I saw the Holy Father on the screen, I was like, ‘It’s all going to be OK.’ Because I saw the emotion and how happy he was to be able to talk to us. So it just took the nervousness away,” Smothers told CNA.

Smothers asked the pope about how people can recover from mistakes and accept God’s mercy. He responded by reminding teens that “all of us struggle” and “none of us [are] perfect.”

His answer was “very surprising,” because “it showed that he also struggles, and it was another person’s perspective on how they dealt with their problems,” Smothers said.

The pope’s discussion on technology really stood out to Smothers, she said, especially when he said “electronics cannot take away real connections.” Smothers, who has nine siblings, said she hopes they apply the messages from Pope Leo to their lives.

“I want them to make connections and be more involved in the Church,” she said. “Because as the pope says, we are the present and we’re also the future. So I need them to understand and see if you put yourself out in the Church, great things will happen.”

Pope Leo asked the students to ponder how they can build peace in the world, and to answer his call Smothers said she can “tell more people about God and tell them to bring more peace to people’s hearts.”

Micah Alcisto

Micah Alcisto from Honolulu told CNA “being a part of the history of the pope, and the first interaction of the pope in America, is truly surreal to me.”

“Everything that he says is very heartwarming and touching.” Alcisto highlighted that the pope even “cracked a little bit of jokes.” He added: “I think it really broke the tension in the room. It grabbed everyone’s attention.”

“I never thought someone could speak so well and politely like him. And I think that’s what makes a difference in people’s lives is how you talk to others. … Everything about how he spoke to us, the lessons he gave, and how he related it all back to the Scripture and the Bible is definitely a one-of-a-kind experience,” Alcisto said.

The pope told the students that he is praying for them, which Alcisto said gave him goosebumps. “Just to hear him acknowledge us … means so much. I’ve never really felt that way from someone, especially coming from Pope Leo. Never would I have thought he would have said that to me personally,” he said.

Alcisto said he appreciated that the pope recognizes there is “a lot of authenticity in teens” like himself. Specifically, “our flame, our passion for religion and once you see a group of kids expressing their faith loudly, it makes everyone else want to do it,” he said.

“I think that’s what is special about us teens — we have the excitement, the flame with us to spread the word and the Gospel … It’s really a blessing that he got to actually acknowledge it to us. I think it will give us more excitement to spread the Gospel and the faith,” Alcisto said.

Ezequiel Ponce

Ezequiel Ponce, a high school senior from Downey, California, said he was surprisingly “super calm” when he was speaking with the pope. “I was taking in the information like if it was a personal mentor, like if he was right in front of me. I was listening. … I was really involved and engaged.”

“Something that definitely stood out to me was when he said to find someone that you can truly trust and be honest with, especially … finding a friend or family member that will help you grow your faith with God,” Ponce said.

“I was very excited to hear that he has us in our prayers, because I know that we’ve had him in our prayers,” Ponce said. “So it felt like we already built a connection. He already established himself. Honestly, that just strengthened my faith.”

As the group listened to the Holy Father, they “were all truly in it 100%,” Ponce said. “My main takeaway was that what I’m doing right now is good, because he talked about being involved in the Church. That’s how you can grow your faith. And that’s honestly what I’ve been doing.”

Christopher Pantelakis

“I was just out of breath. It was breathtaking,” said Christopher Pantelakis, a high school junior from Nevada. He said he “couldn’t really process” the experience as he was talking to Pope Leo.

While Pantelakis said he was incredibly nervous to speak to the Holy Father, he prayed beforehand to be at ease. “I was sitting there right before it was going to happen, and I was just like, ‘God, please help me. Please guide me through this.’’

As the conversations started, “I looked over at the people sitting next to me and all my friends that also talked, and it was so amazing to have this wonderful guy right here, the Holy Father, referring to us by our names and calling us his friends,” Pantelakis said.

The pope “referred to us as his friends and he wasn’t just stating something for an interview or something. He was directly talking back to us. He was answering our questions, and he was engaged in our conversation. You could tell he cared.”

Pantelakis said he was thinking, “‘this is a genuine guy right here.’ It was just such an amazing thing to see.”

Pantelakis asked the Holy Father about technology and said he appreciated when the pope said “that no digital experience could replace a hug or can replace the feeling of a human being.”

Elise Wing

Elise Wing, a high school senior from Waterloo, Iowa, highlighted how the pope understands the youth. “Even before I asked him: ‘How can young people be involved in that?’ He had already answered,” in the previous questions, she said.

Pope Leo “said that preparing for the future is in the sacraments right now. We have to have a relationship with Jesus, and that’s through the sacraments and through communication with him to be able to come together as a full Church and tackle the future together,” she said.

“There’s so much that we need to prepare for in our hearts — spiritually and when we’re facing struggles with connection. We talked about AI and technology and mental health. Those struggles are something that are continuing. They’re going to be present in the future of the Church as well,” Wing said.

The conversation was “so personal,” Wing said. “Pope Leo said, ‘We’re looking for youth. We’re looking for you, not anybody else. You.’ The Holy Spirit was working because there was a very clear message.”

“There’s so much hope in the future. I think that Pope Leo really gives that message of hope in the way he responds to people and in how active he has been in sharing his perspectives,” she said.

Pope Leo discussed how “the Church doesn’t choose a political side,” Wing said. “We are divided by politics in America. It’s present. And even in high school, it’s something that you can’t ignore.” She said the topic is “very appreciated by the younger generations.”

“The Church is above that,” Wing said. “It’s about Jesus, not about which side you’re on. I think that that unity and that peace of mind that he brings to a younger generation is something that is so profound.

“I was really struck by the way that everything the pope said reflected back to Jesus. It was not about him at all. He didn’t dwell on the struggles, but he pointed it all back to the Lord and how the Lord is working in each of us here, now, and in the future,” Wing said.

Nigerian bishop calls for U.S. military intervention at congressional hearing
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 14:40:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 21, 2025 / 14:40 pm (CNA).

A Nigerian Catholic bishop said U.S. military intervention is warranted at a Nov. 20 hearing of the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa.

The hearing took place just days after an attack on a Catholic boarding school in western Nigeria in which children were abducted from the school’s hostel.

“Nigeria is ground zero” for religious persecution, said the subcommittee’s chair, Rep. Chris Smith, R-New Jersey, at the hearing. “Make no mistake, these ongoing attacks are based on religion, and diverting attention from it denies what we have seen with our own eyes.”

Bishop Wilfred Anagbe of the Diocese of Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria, told the panel via Zoom that the United States must follow Nigeria’s addition on the watch list with concrete action.

“Without quick intervention, Christianity risks elimination in parts of northern and Middle Belt Nigeria within a very short time,” the bishop said, noting that while designation as a country of particular concern (CPC) has “brought immense joy, hope, and spiritual resilience to communities under siege in Nigeria,” the Church cannot stop persecution alone.

“​​It requires coordinated political, military, and humanitarian intervention,” the bishop said. “Mr. Chairman and members, the blood of Nigerian Christians cries out to you. We cannot afford to wait any longer.”

The hearing highlighted ongoing religious persecution of Christians in Nigeria by groups including Boko Haram and the Muslim extremist Fulani herdsmen, and examined how the U.S. State Department could apply pressure on the Nigerian government to tamp down religious persecution.

President Donald Trump announced on Oct. 31 he would place Nigeria on the U.S. religious freedom violation watch list and designate it as a CPC.

Under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998, the U.S president must designate countries that engage in or tolerate “particularly severe violations of religious freedom” as CPCs. Violations include torture, prolonged detention without charges, and forced disappearence, according to the State Department.

The bishop recounted ongoing attacks in Nigeria’s Middle Belt states by Fulani militia as well as in his own village of Aondona in Gwer West LGA, which resulted in the deaths of several of his relatives on May 22.

Agnabe urged the U.S. to use all of the tools at its disposal to aid Nigeria and to “enact concrete actions,” including the use of targeted sanctions under the Magnitsky Act and the expansion of humanitarian aid for internal displacement camps.

“We all know that inaction emboldens the extremists even more,” he said.

Smith called for the U.S. government to place conditions on foreign aid and to provide humanitarian assistance to faith-based groups working to help displaced people in the Middle Belt region. He further called for the Trump administration to impose targeted sanctions under the Magnitsky Act, including visa bans and asset freezes on individuals and entities “responsible for these gross human rights abuses.”

Smith cited statistics from Open Doors, which found that Nigeria has persecuted and slaughtered more Christians than anywhere in the world. Smith also said about 52,000 Christians have been targeted and killed, in addition to 34,000 moderate Muslims, since 2009.

Rep. Riley Moore, R-West Virginia, whom Trump charged with reporting to him about Nigeria, at the hearing called for the disarmament of Fulani militants in Nigeria.

Democratic House members said at the hearing that persecution in Nigeria is not limited to Christians and agreed that the Nigerian government has failed to halt attacks.

Rep. Sara Jacobs, D-California, said she opposed Trump’s pledge to employ military action in Nigeria and cautioned against viewing ongoing violence in Nigeria as “merely religious.” She encouraged State Department officials to “use the [diplomatic] tools in our toolbox” before resorting to controlled strikes in the region.

Ambassador Jonathan Pratt, the senior official leading the State Department’s Bureau of African Affairs, condemned the Nigerian’s government’s “failure to intervene” on behalf of persecuted Christians and said the Trump administration is working to “develop a plan to incentivize” action.

Human rights advocates decry Armenian government crackdown on Christian church
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 14:10:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 21, 2025 / 14:10 pm (CNA).

Human rights advocates told members of Congress that the Armenian government’s crackdown on Christians has included the unlawful detentions of clergy, ahead of the country’s parliamentary elections in June 2026.

Tensions have escalated between Nikol Pashinyan, the sitting prime minister of Armenia, and the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Catholicos Karekin II, reflecting the struggle over Armenia’s national identity and future direction. Government targeting of Christians has sparked concern for the loss of the country’s heritage as the oldest Christian nation in the world.

Peter Flew, a lawyer and writer, said at a congressional briefing Nov. 20 that he collected evidence and witness statements regarding government persecution of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Flew cited Pashinyan’s remarks in a recent press conference in which he said the Armenian Apostolic Church “has no Catholicos,” a supreme patriarch and head of the church, saying Karekin II is illegitimate.

“The attacks on this front must end,” he said, calling for the release of political prisoners.

“I have hope that if we bring this issue to greater prominence,” Flew told CNA, “there will be engagement to say that we support Armenia, we support Armenia’s future and its peace.”

Flew said: “The situation on the ground is such that anyone countering it is ending up in jail. Churches are not represented here [at the event] because they’ve been scared, and that’s the challenge.”

“I think with the international communities, civil society, international at home, if we can come together and allow people to feel that there’s a critical mass raising their voices, that might do something,” Flew said. “But at the moment, you’re not going to see the church do much because it’s under siege.”

Joel Veldkamp, speaking for Christian Solidarity International’s mission of campaigning for religious liberty and human dignity, echoed similar concerns for members of the church in Armenia.

“The way I see it, the fact that there are parliamentary elections coming up means that the repression is going to increase,” Veldkamp said. “The assault on the church has to be seen as part of this effort to cut off dissenting voices before the election comes.”

Veldkamp said the U.S. State Department has been largely silent on Pashinyan’s crackdown on the Armenian Apostolic Church with the exception of Asif Mahmood, vice chair of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.

“Prime Minister Pashinyan visions a future Armenia where the church has no social or political influence independent of the state,” Veldkamp said. “An Armenia with a severely weakened international identity is not an Armenia that’s going to be helpful to the U.S. for very long. If the president wants to avoid this outcome, it’s time for the U.S. government to break the silence.”

Nigeria ‘no longer safe for children,’ Catholic bishop says after abduction of 25 girls
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 13:40:00 -0500

ACI Africa, Nov 21, 2025 / 13:40 pm (CNA).

Bishop Bulus Yohana Dauwa of Nigeria’s Catholic Diocese of Kontagora has raised concern about the safety of children in the West African country following the Nov. 17 abduction of 25 schoolgirls from Government Girls Comprehensive Secondary School in Maga, Kebbi state.

In an interview with ACI Africa, CNA’s news partner in Africa, on Tuesday, Dauwa described the incident as a tragic reminder that the country is no longer “safe for its children.”

The bishop told ACI Africa that he had gathered eyewitness accounts of the attack from victims who endured horrific scenes for nearly five hours, from 1 a.m. until 6 a.m., on the day of the attack.

An eyewitness told Dauwa that trouble began on Sunday, Nov. 16, when a suspicious group of men believed to be soldiers entered the school premises. They entered the school at around 4 p.m. — about 15 of them — on motorcycles and a van, wielding guns.

The soldiers ransacked the place without telling anyone what was happening. Staff reportedly retired to their quarters after the soldiers left.

In the early hours of Monday morning, armed bandits stormed the school and began shooting into the air. The attackers proceeded to the residence of a staff member, Mallam Hassan Yakubu, whom they found praying. They shot him dead on the spot. After his wife refused to show them where the students were sleeping, the gunmen seized one of her daughters and forced her to lead them to the hostel.

The gunmen fired repeatedly for nearly five hours, from 1 a.m. until 6 a.m., and left before soldiers returned to the scene.

It was only after the gunmen had fled that security personnel instructed teachers to conduct a roll call, during which the missing girls were discovered.

The school, a home to around 300 students and normally guarded by a combined team of soldiers and police, has been shut down indefinitely. It remains unclear whether the security personnel normally stationed there were present during the attack.

Dauwa described the abduction as part of an escalating wave of violence sweeping across Kebbi and parts of Niger state.

“It has never been this bad. People sleep in the bush because they have nowhere else to run,” he said.

He encouraged the parents of the abducted girls to remain prayerful and hopeful.

“We are praying that God will guide and protect these girls wherever they are. The government must do everything possible to bring them back. All of them will come back alive,” he said.

Beyond the kidnappings, the 54-year-old bishop highlighted decades-long challenges Christian communities face in the region, including what he called “silent discrimination and persecution.”

He said efforts by the Church to buy land, build parishes, or open schools are frequently resisted.

“Christians have been enduring what I call silent persecution. They stopped us from building our school and churches. They claimed our land was too close to their mosque, and every planting season, they would break the boundary,” Bulus said.

He revealed that in some instances, communities deliberately built mosques directly in front of donated church sites to frustrate Christian worship.

“We suffered for more than 10 years trying to open one parish,” Dauwa told ACI Africa.

According to the bishop, a breakthrough eventually came after intense prayers to St. Padre Pio. The local emir, bedridden abroad, unexpectedly called and ordered that all withheld land documents be released to the Church.

“It was a miracle,” Dauwa said, recalling the emir’s move, and added: “That very day, they gave us every paper they had denied us.”

The bishop described the security situation in his diocese as “terrible,” citing attacks across Kebbi, Magama, Mariga, and several communities along the River Niger.

“They entered one of our outstation churches, and everybody ran into the bush. There was no time to do anything,” he said.

Dauwa faulted government officials for focusing on political debates rather than taking decisive action to protect citizens.

“If the government had done enough, we would not be where we are today. Instead of facing reality, they are debating whether Muslims or Christians are being killed. That is not the main issue,” the bishop said.

He warned that politicians appear more concerned about the 2027 elections than the ongoing violence.

“They are more interested in 2027. Security is not their problem, but how to win the elections,” he said.

The bishop disclosed that he had recently met with the Niger state governor and urged him to tell the president that security must come before politics.

“Let him do something about the insecurity. That is the best way he can campaign now,” Dauwa said.

This story was first published by ACI Africa, CNA's news partner in Africa, and has been adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo XIV to Caritas: Be artisans of peace, serve every person with dignity
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 13:10:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 21, 2025 / 13:10 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV on Friday met with the leadership and staff of Caritas Internationalis, the Church’s global charitable network operating in more than 200 countries, asking them to be “pilgrims of hope” and “artisans of peace” in the world.

During the morning meeting held at the Vatican, the Holy Father thanked Caritas Internationalis president Cardinal Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi and approximately 70 Caritas workers for their “steadfast service” within the Church and to people throughout the world.

“Caritas Internationalis has long been a luminous sign of the Church’s maternal love,” he said to the multinational delegation on Nov. 21.

“The love we receive from Christ is never a private treasure but always a mission entrusted to our hands,” he added. “Love sends us forth; love makes us servants; love opens our eyes to the wounds of others.”

Repeating his papal predecessor’s desire that Caritas uphold Christ’s “preference for the poor, the least, the abandoned, and discarded,” Leo emphasized their mission, together with the “successor of Peter,” is to serve every person with dignity.

3 pillars that sustain the Church’s work in the world

“Your mission echoes the vision I shared in my first address to the diplomatic corps, where I spoke of the three pillars that sustain the Church’s work in the world: peace, justice, and truth,” he said. “These pillars are not abstract ideals.”

Besides asking Caritas to continue accompanying local churches and their various initiatives to support the poor, the pope also insisted they also work toward “strengthening the formation of lay leaders” and “safeguarding unity within your diverse organization.”

“The Church’s mission unfolds only when we walk together as companions along the way, allowing the Holy Spirit to shape our works of mercy,” he said during the private audience.

In 2022, Caritas Internationalis’ leadership was placed under temporary administration following a decree issued by Pope Francis to revise its statutes and regulations to “improve” its mission of charity and justice.

Before individually greeting each member of the delegation at the end of the meeting, Pope Leo entrusted Caritas’ work to “Mary, Mother of the Poor” and asked God to bless them with the “gifts of courage, perseverance, and joy.”

“Quite sincerely, I thank you, each and every one of you, and the many people that you represent, those who work with you,” he said.

Before meeting with Pope Leo XIV on Friday, Kikuchi told EWTN News that the 162-member organization is more than a professional “goodwill” agency.

“We are the charitable arm of the Catholic Church,” he said in the Nov. 20 interview. “Why are we being charitable? Because we want to spread the Gospel message — the love of God.”

During the Church’s 2025 Jubilee Year, Kikuchi said Caritas’ “Turn Debt Into Hope” campaign is a response to Pope Francis’ call for the cancellation of developing nations’ international debt, outlined in the papal bull Spes Non Confundit.

“There are many countries who owe money to developed countries,” the cardinal said. “We want to turn debt into hope [and] to cancel that debt so people really have the hope to survive.”

Sen. Klobuchar meets Pope Leo XIV to advocate for abducted Ukrainian children
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 12:40:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 21, 2025 / 12:40 pm (CNA).

U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minnesota, joined a delegation of Ukrainian mothers, wives, and teenagers forcibly taken to Russia during the war with Ukraine who met with Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican on Friday. The audience highlighted ongoing humanitarian and diplomatic efforts to secure the return of abducted civilians.

In a statement from her Senate office, Klobuchar said: “Pope Leo is a true moral force for peace and justice and a champion for children around the world. It was an honor to meet him as part of our mission to bring home the Ukrainian children abducted by Russia and chart a path towards peace and healing for Ukraine.”

The senator added: “We cannot accept a world where children are abducted during wartime and used as hostages for negotiations. The United States must remain steadfast in our support for Ukraine’s fight for freedom, and we should all heed Pope Leo’s example of serving those in need, pursuing the common good, and calling for peace.”

According to the official Vatican News outlet, the meeting took place in the Apostolic Palace around midday and lasted about half an hour. Participants included young people who had been forcibly transferred to Russia and recently returned to Ukraine, along with their family members. The Vatican has put a priority on diplomatic efforts to return the children, starting under Pope Francis.

Klobuchar’s office noted that more than 19,000 Ukrainian children have been confirmed as unlawfully deported or transferred to Russia or Russian-occupied territory.

Joy in Dublin as papal designation gives city first Catholic cathedral since Reformation
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 12:09:00 -0500

Dublin, Ireland, Nov 21, 2025 / 12:09 pm (CNA).

There was immense joy among Catholics in Dublin following a decree from Pope Leo XIV formally designating St. Mary’s Pro Cathedral as the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Dublin, ending 200 years of the cathedral’s “temporary” status and giving the capital its first official Catholic cathedral since the Reformation.

Speaking at Mass in the cathedral to mark the bicentenary on Friday, Nov. 14, Archbishop Dermot Farrell of the Dublin Archdiocese told the faithful of Dublin: “I am pleased to announce that the Holy Father, Pope Leo, has consented to my request and has approved by decree that St. Mary’s be designated as the cathedral church of our archdiocese.”

Farrell added that the timing could not have been better as it coincided with the cathedral’s bicentenary celebrations.

“It is appropriate that this announcement should be made in the context of our celebration of the exemplary service which St. Mary’s has given to our diocese over 200 years, but also at a time when we are renewing our focus on our mission as a diocesan family, ‘Building Hope and Proclaiming Good News,’ affirming the faith of our people and reaching out to the city and beyond,” the archbishop said.

The following Sunday, Auxiliary Bishop Paul Dempsey of Dublin warmly welcomed the news and told the faithful gathered in St. Mary’s: “In the Catholic tradition, over the centuries, many beautiful places of worship have been built. It is important to return to why they were built. They are not built as tourist attractions or museums; they are places where the Church community gathers to worship the Lord. The beauty and aesthetics are there to help raise our minds and hearts to God and to draw us into the mystery that is God’s love,” he said.

St. Mary’s opened on Nov. 14, 1825. From around that time onward and following Catholic Emancipation, the Irish Church entered a period of strong growth. Many of the churches, parochial houses, and religious houses in Ireland were built in the middle of the 19th century symbolizing the strong presence of the Catholic Church in Irish society.

“It continued for about 150 years or so. Then we saw the beginnings of change, something that has escalated over the last two to three decades. We find ourselves in a very different place today,” he said.

“There can be a temptation to look to the past with rose-tinted glasses when the churches were full, but as we know not all was well and serious issues needed to be faced. This process has been disconcerting for some who have a nostalgia for the past and want to go back to the way it was. However, nostalgia could be described as a looking into the past with the pain taken away.”

He continued: “So today, as we reflect upon 200 years of St. Mary’s we are left with a choice: Do we lament the past and wish for its return or seek ways of looking forward with hope-filled hearts, responding to the new questions we face in a complex and changing culture? When I reflect upon the life of Jesus in the Gospels, I see someone who was always looking forward! As his disciples we need to do the same, while always learning from the past.”

As the penal laws persecuting Catholics were relaxed in the later 18th century, the Pro Cathedral site was bought in 1803. The completed building was dedicated 200 years ago on Nov. 14, 1825, the feast day of St. Laurence O’Toole, who was canonized 800 years ago and who is the Dublin Archdiocese’s patron.

The Pro Cathedral was always a “provisional” cathedral; the intention was to build a “proper” one when time and money allowed. In the past, both the Church of Ireland and Catholic archbishops extended claims of ownership over St. Patrick’s and Christ Church — the city’s two other cathedrals that, since the Reformation, have not been Catholic places of worship.

LIVE UPDATES: NCYC 2025 — Pope Leo XIV’s historic first digital encounter with young U.S. Catholics
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 21, 2025 / 09:10 am (CNA).

The 2025 National Catholic Youth Conference will feature prayer, community, evangelization, and service among Catholic teenagers from Nov. 20–22 in Indianapolis. Follow CNA’s live coverage of the event below.

Watch Day 2 of NCYC on EWTN YouTube:

Teens at NCYC 2025 excited for faith, fun, sacraments, friends
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:00:00 -0500

Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov 21, 2025 / 08:00 am (CNA).

Teenagers piled into the Indiana Convention Center and Lucas Oil Stadium on Thursday in Indianapolis to start the 2025 National Catholic Youth Conference (NCYC).

Young Catholics from across the country have traveled to Indianapolis to take part in NCYC for three days of prayer, community, evangelization, catechesis, and service. The 2025 theme is “I Am,” and the conference mission is for participants to encounter Christ and form discipleship.

On the evening of Nov. 20 exhibits opened to help students gain a deeper understanding of the sacraments and to encourage them to interact with one another. Teens with themed hats packed into the convention center and began to exchange the caps as a way to meet new people at the start of the weekend.

Exhibits open

The interactive exhibits opened Thursday night with themes based on the seven sacraments. Aaron Frazita, the director of the interactive exhibits for NCYC, shared with CNA how they wanted to help the teens “think in a new way, and in a very practical way.”

“About a year and a half out from every NCYC, we have a small group of folks that have gotten together for the better part of 20 years. And we brainstormed some ideas with themes, and this year we really wanted to connect what was going on in the interactive exhibit with the whole of what was going on with the main stage,” he said.

“This year we decided to really focus on the sacraments,” Frazita said. “So we added a few of our own sacraments, like being joyful with games and things like that.”

“The whole idea with all the interactive places we put together is to create crafts and games and conversation and catecheses, really trying to help young people engage with them and meet them where they are,” he continued.

“We have so many young people who maybe just started faith journeys, who are really deep in their experience,” he said. The team created games, service projects, and exhibits on ideas including discernment and vocations to “really engage” the students.

Teens anticipate NCYC activities

As teens began to play the games with one another, look at exhibits, and meet with students from other cities, they shared with CNA what they are looking forward to most during the NCYC experience.

Miriam Stebel, Catherine Downer, and Addi Kandel from the Diocese of Cincinnati told CNA they are looking forward to growing in their faith. Stebel said she hopes to “get a better understanding of the Church and the Catholic faith.”

She added: “I also think it’s pretty cool that the pope is deciding to connect with the youth more and I think it’s a good opportunity to get everyone engaged.”

“I am hoping to meet new people and just be able to talk to other young people,” Downer said. “I’m excited to learn more about Catholicism and to understand it on a deeper level.”

She said she is also looking forward to the daily breakout sessions. “There’s a few about missions and learning your faith plan,” Downer said. “So I’m excited to go and learn more about what I’m being called to do.”

Kandel, meanwhile, said she hopes to learn what she can work on in her own life.

"One big thing I also want to do is learn more about Scripture and how to interpret it and understand it, and just how I can deepen my relationship with the Lord," she said.

Lucy Snipes, Anne Young, and Presley Hildenbrand are all high school students from Columbus, Georgia. Snipes told CNA she came to NCYC to “meet new people and see how Catholicism has changed and inspired people.”

She is looking forward to “seeing everyone all together, doing concerts, and praising together.”

“Adoration here is also always the best thing ever,” said Snipes, who is returning for her second time to NCYC. “It’s always so nice to be around a lot of other people that are feeling the same things as you.”

Young added she’s looking forward to the daily Masses for the same reason.

Hildenbrand said she is looking forward to being around other teens while they get to hear Pope Leo XIV speak. “I think it’s really cool to hear from the pope, especially since he’s the first American pope and he’ll talk in English.”

Amelia Horner and Maeve Wendiger showed up in their Indianapolis 500 race car hats to represent the famed racing city.

“It is really nice just being with so many young Catholics that are here,” Wendiger said. “And it has been really nice to reconnect with a lot of people from my middle school.”

Horner has never been to NCYC but said she’s “heard a lot of talk about it, and people who have so much in common can come together and just be who they are.” She said she is very excited to lean into the 2025 theme of “I Am.”

The girls said they were “shocked” the event was going to be in their own backyard. While sometimes they feel big events don’t come to their hometown, they said: “Indiana is special.”

‘The pope is traveling to a wounded country,’ Lebanese priest says
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 07:00:00 -0500

ACI Prensa Staff, Nov 21, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

The upcoming visit of Pope Leo XIV to Lebanon, scheduled for Nov. 30 to Dec. 2, comes as a new wave of Israeli bombings have shaken several towns near the southern border.

“We have been experiencing continuous attacks like this for almost two and a half years. But we have never evacuated, we have never left our village,” said Maronite parish priest Father Tony Elias from the border village of Rmeich, a Christian village located just a few meters from Israel.

Rmeich, he explained, is one of the largest Christian villages in southern Lebanon. “We cannot leave, because if we did, there would be no one to rebuild, no one to protect our village,” he said in an interview with ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner.

The situation in neighboring villages confirms his fears: “The villages to the right and left are completely destroyed. Missiles were launched from there, and they were razed in retaliation.”

Rmeich, on the other hand, only suffered some structural damage during the recent attacks: “Some houses have been hit, projectiles have fallen on cars and roofs… but thank God we managed to protect our village,” he said.

The Lebanese still retain in their collective memory the devastation of the 2006 war between Hezbollah and Israel. That conflict, which lasted six weeks, left 1,300 Lebanese and 165 Israelis dead and destroyed entire villages and several neighborhoods of Beirut.

In October of last year, another Israeli siege in Lebanon resulted in hundreds of people crushed under the rubble.

In this climate of uncertainty, Pope Leo XIV’s visit to Lebanon — scheduled before this upturn in violence — will be like a balm for the Christian community and for the entire country, Elias said.

‘This first apostolic journey of the pope will be a sign of peace’

“I am convinced that this first apostolic journey of the pope will be a sign of peace for the whole world, giving a voice back to Christians and the Lebanese people, whose reality is often blurred or manipulated by politics,” he said.

Although the priest said the tension is constant, he insisted that the community is trying to maintain a certain degree of normalcy: “The roads to Beirut are open; we can get in and out. We’re not like in 2006, when they were completely blocked for weeks.”

Several chartered buses will take Catholics from the south to the events the pope has scheduled during his apostolic visit to the country, such as the meeting with young people in the square in front of the Maronite Patriarchate in Bkerké or the Mass at the Beirut Waterfront.

“Every parish has organized buses to attend the Mass and to greet the pope along the way. The schools are also mobilized,” confirmed Father Raffaele Zgheib, national director of the Pontifical Mission Societies in Lebanon.

Zgheib, who lives in the port city of Jounieh, 11 miles north of Beirut, and is part of the team organizing the papal visit, does not deny that there is “fear that the violence could ruin the pope’s visit.”

“We hope that the visit will be a call for dialogue instead of escalation, but I don’t deny that there is a real fear of a new war in southern Lebanon,” he said.

Last-minute preparations

Despite the limited time available, all Christian communities in the country have thrown themselves into the preparations. “All components of the local Lebanese Church, along with all the Eastern Churches in the country, are preparing to welcome the Holy Father,” Zgheib said.

This visit to Lebanon is “very important because Pope Leo XIV is coming in continuity with Pope Francis, who always wished to travel to Lebanon, although his health problems prevented him from doing so,” he continued.

The trip confirms, Zgheib pointed out, the value that the Holy See attributes to the country as a link between East and West, and as a place — currently fragile — of religious coexistence. Furthermore, the Holy Father will arrive in a country going through a difficult period with a rampant economic crisis.

“The pope is traveling to a wounded country. The last six years have been terrible. We lost all our savings in the banks, then came the pandemic, then the Beirut port explosion, and now there is also the war in southern Lebanon,” Zgheib explained.

“The pope is coming to a country that has been greatly weakened by all these crises,” he noted, but said the pontiff’s visit has awakened much hope: “All Lebanese people want it to be the beginning of a lasting and just peace in the Middle East.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

One-third of recent Catholic priests in England are Anglican converts, report shows
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 06:00:00 -0500

London, England, Nov 21, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

A new report reveals that significant numbers of Anglican clergy have converted to Catholicism in the United Kingdom since 1992.

The report, “Convert Clergy in the Catholic Church in Britain,” released Nov. 20, shows that approximately 700 clergy and religious of the Church of England, Church in Wales, and Scottish Episcopal Church have been received into the Catholic Church since 1992. The number includes 16 former Anglican bishops. This equates to approximately a third of all Catholic priests ordained in England and Wales during this period.

Speaking to CNA, co-author Stephen Bullivant, professor of theology and the sociology of religion at St. Mary’s Catholic University, London, said he was “really quite surprised” by the high numbers, “especially the [convert] ordinations as a proportion of all ordinations.”

“The numbers,” Bullivant added, “are much larger than most people would imagine. It was a much bigger phenomenon than a lot of people thought.”

He called the “steady stream” of former Anglican clergy converting “a very major source of Catholic vocations.”

Bullivant, who is also director of the Benedict XVI Centre for Religion and Society at St. Mary’s, identified two “big waves” as major factors in pushing Anglican clergy to convert.

First was the Church of England’s general synod vote in 1992, which enabled women to be ordained as vicars, and second the visit of Pope Benedict XVI to Britain in 2010. This high-profile visit was preceded by the apostolic constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus, which permitted the creation of “personal ordinariates for those Anglican faithful who desire to enter into the full communion of the Catholic Church in a corporate manner.”

The figures show a spike in the numbers after these events: Over 150 clergy entered into full communion with the Catholic Church in 1994, and more than 80 in 2011, the year after the papal visit, when the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham was formally introduced. This ordinariate enabled former Anglicans to retain their Anglican heritage and customs when entering into full communion with the Catholic Church.

Explaining the moves prompted by these major events, Bullivant said: “You get this kind of big thing that forces the issue. There’s then strength in numbers because if there’s suddenly other people doing it, then it’s much easier to make it feel possible.”

The report was published by the St. Barnabas Society, which exists to support former clergy and religious of other Christian denominations and other world faiths. Its focus is on the numbers and experiences of former Anglican clergy who have become Catholic over the last 30 years.

The numbers were found by referring to “extensive records” from Monsignor John Broadhurst, a Catholic priest and former Anglican bishop, as well as Bullivant and his team interviewing 36 clergy and religious converts, which included three former bishops.

Responding to the numbers in the report, Cardinal Vincent Nichols, the president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales, said: “It is fascinating reading, not only in its collating of facts and figures, but also in so many personal testimonies and insights.”

Nichols highlighted the experience of Anglicans entering into full communion with the Catholic Church as “not so much a turning away or rejection of their rich and precious Anglican heritage but an experience of an imperative to move into the full visible communion of the Catholic Church, in union with the See of Peter.”

The report contains accounts of clergy who have made the decision to become Catholic, which is described as “a step into the unknown.” Many have received practical help from the St. Barnabus Society. Bullivant said: “If it hadn't been for the St. Barnabas Society, [the conversions] couldn’t have happened.”

He also emphasized that the former Anglicans he interviewed were “very grateful for their Anglican period,” for the “background and what they learned from it and what it gave them.” He added: “They’ve looked at British Christianity from both sides now.”

“A lot of them are seeing [that] God had a plan for them. And part of that plan was for them to do this.”

He also highlighted the “substantial ongoing contribution to Catholic life made by convert clergy/religious in this country.”

What do we know about the presentation of Mary?
Fri, 21 Nov 2025 04:00:00 -0500

National Catholic Register, Nov 21, 2025 / 04:00 am (CNA).

It’s easy to conceptualize the presentation of the Lord because we find it in Scripture. Luke’s Gospel tells of the Holy Family’s journey to the Temple when Jesus was 8 days old. According to Jewish custom, Jesus was to be circumcised and Mary purified.

There Mary and Joseph meet the prophets Anna and Simeon, who recognized the child as the Messiah who would bring about the fall and rise of many and become a sign of contradiction and the cause of a sword that would one day pierce Mary’s heart. We celebrate the feast of the Presentation of the Lord annually on Feb. 2.

The presentation of Mary, however, is not found in Scripture. Instead, we learn about Mary’s presentation from accounts that have come to us from apostolic times. What we know is found mainly in Chapter 7 of the “Protoevangelium of James,” which has been dated by historians before the year A.D. 200.

The “Protoevangelium of James” was ostensibly written by the apostle of the same name. It gives a detailed account in which Mary’s father, Joachim, tells his wife, Anna, that he wishes to bring their daughter to the Temple and consecrate her to God. Anna responds that they should wait until Mary is 3 years old so that she will not need her parents as much.

On the agreed day for Mary to be taken to the Temple, Hebrew virgins accompanied the family with burning lamps. The Temple priest received Mary, kissed her, and blessed her. According to James’ writing, the priest then proclaimed: “The Lord has magnified thy name in all generations. In thee, the Lord will manifest his redemption to the sons of Israel.”

After that, Mary was placed on the third step of the Temple and danced with joy. All the House of Israel loved Mary, and she was nurtured from then on in the Temple while her parents returned to their Nazareth home, glorifying God.

The celebration of the feast of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary grew slowly over the years.

On Nov. 21, 543, Emperor Justinian dedicated a church to Mary in the Temple area of Jerusalem. Many of the early Church Fathers celebrated this feast day, such as St. Germanus and St. John Damascene. In 1373, it was formally celebrated in Avignon, France, and in 1472, Pope Sixtus IV extended it to the universal Church. The Byzantine Church considers Mary’s Presentation one of the 12 great feasts of the liturgical year.

In 1974, Pope Paul VI wrote about this feast in his encyclical Marialis Cultus, saying: “Despite its apocryphal content, it presents lofty and exemplary values and carries on the venerable traditions having their origins in the Eastern Churches.”

The memorial of the Presentation of Mary has been noted in the Church since its early years and yet is easily forgotten or misunderstood.

Since it’s classified as a memorial and not a solemnity or holy day of obligation, it doesn’t draw much attention to itself other than a special opening prayer in the Mass. With this memorial, we celebrate the fact that God chose to dwell in Mary in a unique way. In response, she placed her whole self at his service. By our baptism, God invites us, too, into his service.

But there’s more to celebrating the presentation of Mary.

This feast gives us cause for great joy since Mary is truly our mother, given to us by Christ as he hung dying on the cross. Because we are part of her Son’s body, she loves us with as much devotion and tenderness as she loves Jesus. When we celebrate Mary’s presentation, we are giving Mary the honor she deserves and witnessing to her perfect purity as the virgin of Nazareth, the mother of God, and our mother.

Sts. Joachim and Anne surrendered their only daughter to God so that she would be completely free to follow his holy will. Although they loved her dearly, they knew that in the Temple Mary would always be near the Holy of Holies, surrounded by an atmosphere of godliness and grace. She would be instructed in Scripture and the history of the Jewish people. She would be under the guardianship and tutelage of the holy women of the Temple who had given their lives to God. One of them, Scripture scholars believe, was Anna — the woman who prophesied at the presentation of Our Lord. In the Temple, Mary would be completely focused on God and well prepared for becoming the mother of the Savior and mother of the body of Christ.

When we celebrate the presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we remember the tremendous sacrifice Sts. Joachim and Anne made for our sakes. We give honor and respect to the Virgin, who is an example for all of us in our struggle for holiness. It is a privilege and an opportunity to express our gratitude for the gift of a pure, tender, and always-loving mother.

This story was first published by the National Catholic Register, CNA's sister news partner, on Nov. 21, 2023, and has been adapted and updated by CNA.

China’s ‘assault on religious freedom’ threatens U.S., congressional commission told
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 17:30:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 20, 2025 / 17:30 pm (CNA).

The Chinese Communist Party’s “ongoing assault against religious freedom” has national security implications for the U.S., according to co-chairs of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC).

Former Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kansas, who served as ambassador at large for international religious freedom in the first Trump administration, told the commission Nov. 20 that the United States needs to treat China’s religious freedom violations as a national security threat.

Brownback cited a report listing 10 Catholic bishops detained by the Chinese government. “Ten Catholic bishops,” he said with emphasis, adding: “Do people even know they’re in prison?” Brownback called for China to be sanctioned by the Trump administration, pointing out the regime “has not paid a dime” for its religious freedom violations despite having been designated a country of particular concern (CPC).

Bob Fu, ChinaAid founder and president, told the panel about his experience advocating for religious freedom in China since immigrating to the U.S, revealing that in 2020 his home in Texas was surrounded by Chinese Communist Party agents who threatened his family and children, threatening him to stop his ministry with ChinaAid.

Grace Jin Drexel, the daughter of Pastor Ezra Jin, who was arrested at an underground church last month, recalled her father’s detention, expressing concern for her father’s health and calling on the Chinese government to release him and fellow detainees immediately and unconditionally.

Since 2018, Drexel’s father has been under an exit ban from China, separated from family in the U.S. for more than seven years, she said, noting his church grew to the largest it has ever been, reaching tens of thousands of people per year who are under persecution prior to his arrest.

A bipartisan group of senators, including Ted Cruz, R-Texas, and Jeff Merkley, D-Oregon, are urging the Trump administration to act on behalf of Pastor Jin.

Adherents to underground churches in China are not trying to subvert the state, Drexel said, but rather are “merely asking to be free from the Communist Party” in the context of worship, where God is at the center.

Drexel also recalled her own experience of transnational harassment for her advocacy on behalf of her father, saying she received a threatening phone call from someone pretending to be a U.S. federal agent and has been followed and harassed by the CCP throughout Washington, D.C.

Visibly emotional, she said: “Do not signal defeat of this trampling of human rights with your silence.”

Testifying before the commission led by Rep. Chris Smith, R-New Jersey, and Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, other witnesses included Ismail “Ma Ju” Juma, a Hui Muslim human rights advocate, and Bhuchung Tsering, who leads the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT) Research and Monitoring Unit.

Protecting U.S. religious freedom

Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Massachusetts, a member of the commission, emphasized the constitutional importance of religious freedom and the need for the U.S. to protect it. McGovern, who is Catholic, said the U.S. needs to protect religious freedom at home first for its position to carry real weight.

He cited the Trump administration’s mass deportation efforts and its effect on the migrant community in the U.S. Catholic Church. He further cited the bishop of San Bernardino, who this past summer granted a Sunday Mass dispensation to migrants in his diocese who feared deportation. “

“Our voice would have more effect,” he said, “if the U.S. protected the religious freedom of people living in the U.S.”

European Parliament discusses harms of surrogacy after EU condemns the practice
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 17:00:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 20, 2025 / 17:00 pm (CNA).

The European Parliament and the United Nations have officially condemned the practice of surrogacy following reports of human rights violations against women and babies.

Experts gathered on Nov. 19 for a meeting at the European Parliament that included U.N. Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women and Girls Reem Alsalem and Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) International’s Carmen Correas, who discussed the harms of surrogacy on women and children, according to an ADF press release.

The event, “Surrogacy: An Ethical and Political Challenge for Europe,” followed the release of a landmark report by Alsalem that highlighted widespread human rights violations globally as a result of surrogacy. The event also came after a resolution that stated the EU “condemns the practice of surrogacy … [and] calls on the [EU] Commission to take measures to support ending this phenomenon.”

Italian European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) Party Member of the EU Parliament Paolo Inselvini said at the event it has become clear that “a determined European front exists, committed to stopping reproductive exploitation across the globe.” He further emphasized the EU’s commitment to “abandon all ambiguity” and designate surrogacy as “a universal crime.”

“Surrogacy treats women and children as commodities,” Correas said. “The European Union has taken an important step in acknowledging its inherent harms. We urge policymakers to move swiftly toward a clear, coordinated legal prohibition that protects the dignity and rights of all involved.”

Alsalem’s report was based on nearly 120 submissions in addition to video consultations with 78 people including commissioning parents, surrogacy agencies, and surrogate mothers. Alsalem called for member states to establish a universal ban on surrogacy, criminalizing the practice in all its forms.

Through her consultative process, the U.N. expert found surrogate mothers, who are most often from low-income and vulnerable backgrounds, and their children increasingly endure physical, emotional, and financial exploitation as well as violence and human trafficking.

The report further highlighted the experience of surrogate mothers being pressured into abortions by commissioning parents, including beyond 12 weeks of gestation, “through coercive tactics such as financial incentives, threats of legal action, or the withdrawal of support to both the mother and baby.” This often occurs when the child is found to have a disability, the report said.

In cases where the surrogate becomes pregnant with multiple children at once, commissioning parents may “also enforce a selective reduction,” or the killing of one or more of the undesired babies in utero.

Retired Army general, Notre Dame professor to serve as president of Belmont Abbey College
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 16:30:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 20, 2025 / 16:30 pm (CNA).

Here’s a roundup of the latest Catholic education news in the United States:

Retired Army general, Notre Dame professor to serve as president of Belmont Abbey College

Belmont Abbey College in North Carolina announced that Jeffrey Talley, a retired three-star lieutenant general in the U.S. Army and former tenured professor at the University of Notre Dame, will serve as its new president.

In a Nov. 18 press release announcing the appointment, Talley said the school has a “unique opportunity” to “help young men and women get a rigorous academic experience in a faith-filled environment that’s strong in its Catholic identity so they can go forth in a world that’s become so challenging, so complex, so difficult.”

Talley will assume the position of the college’s 21st president on Jan. 2, 2026. The chair of Belmont Abbey College’s board of trustees, Charles Cornelio, said in the release that the appointment comes after a seven-month search.

Talley “is a person of deep Catholic faith who understands the mission of the college and will live it,” Cornelio said, highlighting the general’s decades-long history as a Benedictine oblate.

“Leaders who are balanced both morally and professionally are in greater need than ever before. For this purpose, Belmont Abbey College exists,” Talley said. “I thank God for the opportunity to become part of the Belmont Abbey College family, where together we can bear the light of Christ in the world today.”

Notre Dame professor attempts to distribute contraceptives, Plan B on campus

A professor of gender studies at the University of Notre Dame attempted to use university space to facilitate the distribution of contraceptives and Plan B, according to a Nov. 19 report published by the student-run paper the Irish Rover.

Pamela Butler, who is the director of undergraduate studies for the school’s gender studies department, has reportedly been reserving rooms in violation of university code for the group “Irish 4 Reproductive Health,” according to the Rover.

School guidelines grant the use of university buildings and grounds for “recognized student groups.” The “reproductive health” group — which stated in the report it was “not affiliated with the university in any official capacity” — has been distributing free “resource bags” with condoms, Plan B, and information on abortion services for students in the university’s DeBartolo Hall.

The group also openly advertises the distribution of contraception on Instagram as well as “workshops” hosted on campus on “exploring the principles of pro-choice Catholicism, how Catholic teaching supports reproductive justice, and how these ideas inform advocacy.”

Minnesota Catholic institutions, including schools and universities, hit by pension deficit

The pension fund covering multiple Catholic schools and universities across Minnesota has been hit by an $800 million deficit, threatening retirement resources for thousands of current and former workers.

The pension manager, Christian Brothers Services, is asking employers to make increased contributions to compensate for the massive shortfall, according to a report in the Minnesota Star Tribune, which cited “a big loss in a hedge fund that cratered a few years ago” in 2020 as reason for the deficit.

Christian Brothers Services is a nonprofit organization that operates a church pension plan, one that is not bound by federal pension regulations, meaning pensioners are not eligible for federal payouts if their plans fail, according to the IRS.

The Chicago-based organization manages the pensions of over 40 schools across the Dioceses of New Ulm, Crookston, and St. Cloud, as well as lay workers, and workers at St. Mary’s University in Winona and Minneapolis.

Two schools have since pulled from the plan, according to the local report, while two others are planning to do so.

Pope Leo XIV prays at tomb of St. Francis of Assisi
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 16:00:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 20, 2025 / 16:00 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV traveled to Assisi on Thursday to meet with Italian bishops and pay homage to St. Francis in a visit marked by silence and prayer, part of the celebrations for the eighth centenary of the death of the “saint of the poor.”

According to Vatican News, the pontiff traveled from the Vatican by helicopter and arrived in the Italian city shortly after 8 a.m. local time. He landed at the Bastia Umbra stadium and from there traveled by car to the heart of Assisi, where St. Francis was born in 1182.

Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio adopted his name upon becoming pope, while it was St. John Paul II who named St. Francis of Assisi the patron saint of ecology in 1979.

Despite the rain and cold, a number of people waited for the Holy Father and greeted him with applause and cheers of “Long live the pope!”

His first stop was the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, the burial place of the founder of the Franciscan order. Leo XIV was received by the president of the Italian Bishops’ Conference (CEI by its Italian acronym), Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, and the custodian of the Sacro Convento (Franciscan friary) Friar Marco Moroni, who accompanied him to the crypt where the relics of St. Francis are kept.

Once in front of the tomb of the “Poverello” (“Little Poor Man”), the Holy Father paused for a few minutes in prayer. There he spoke his first public words of the day: “It is a blessing to be able to come to this sacred place today. We are approaching the 800th anniversary of the death of St. Francis; this occasion allows us to prepare to celebrate this great saint, humble and poor, while the world seeks signs of hope,” he said.

He also recalled the enduring legacy of St. Francis: “His witness continues to speak to us today, inviting us to keep hope alive and to look to the future with confidence.”

Afterward, Pope Leo XIV traveled to the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli (Our Lady of the Angels) where he met with the bishops of the CEI, who are holding their 81st general assembly.

According to the Vatican Press Office, at the conclusion of the meeting with the bishops of the CEI, Pope Leo XIV traveled to the city of Montefalco, where he celebrated Mass in the monastery of the Augustinian nuns, which was erected in the 13th century.

It is one of the oldest and most significant spiritual centers in the Umbria region. It is linked to the figure of St. Clare of Montefalco (1268–1308), also known as St. Clare of the Cross, an Augustinian mystic whose contemplative life left a profound mark on the spiritual tradition of the Church. The pontiff had lunch there before returning to the Vatican by helicopter.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

How to watch Pope Leo XIV’s historic live digital encounter with American youth
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 15:30:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 20, 2025 / 15:30 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV will hold a historic live digital conversation with American teenagers at the National Catholic Youth Conference (NCYC) on Friday. The faithful across the globe can also tune in to watch the encounter.

The Holy Father will hold the digital discussion with young Catholics amid the Nov. 20–22 NCYC, hosted by the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry.

The pope will speak at 10:15 a.m. ET on Nov. 21 and enter into dialogue with a group of high school students.

People attending NCYC in Indianapolis at Lucas Oil Stadium can watch the encounter at the event, but others across the world are able to join online from homes, schools, and parishes.

The exchange will be broadcast via a livestream available on EWTN YouTube. Viewers can also watch through the EWTN app or on EWTN’s cable channel.

This marks the first time that a pope will directly engage with U.S. youth in a live digital encounter at NCYC. More than 40 teens have participated in the dialogue planning process, and five of them will get the chance to speak directly with the Holy Father.

For other news about the pope’s discussion and NCYC, the faithful can stay informed on CNA’s live updates page.

Vance calls border security ‘humanitarian’ in response to Pope Leo XIV
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 14:25:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 20, 2025 / 14:25 pm (CNA).

Vice President JD Vance called border security “humanitarian” in response to comments from Pope Leo XIV about immigration policy in the United States.

“Border security is not just good for American citizens,” Vance said in an interview with Breitbart’s Matthew Boyle on Nov. 20. “It is the humanitarian thing to do for the entire world.”

Pope Leo XIV on Nov. 18 asked Americans to listen to U.S. bishops’ message opposing “the indiscriminate mass deportation of people” and urged humane treatment of migrants.

“No one has said that the United States should have open borders. I think every country has a right to determine who and how and when people enter,” the pope said.

Vance said he has followed the Holy Father’s comments closely as “a devout Catholic.”

“You may not know it, judging purely from the comments of some people on social media, but the Catholic Church’s views on this are actually quite clear,” Vance said.

“It’s that, yes, you must treat immigrants humanely,” Vance said. “On the other hand, every nation has the right to control its borders. And obviously, how you strike that balance is very important, but there’s a lot of room there to actually control your own borders for the sake of your own people.”

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ (USCCB) special message affirmed that countries have a “responsibility to regulate their borders and establish a just and orderly immigration system.” The Catechism of the Catholic Church says “the more prosperous nations are obliged, to the extent they are able, to welcome the foreigner.”

U.S. bishops said they lamented the conditions in detention centers and lack of access to pastoral care. Bishops also said they “are saddened by the state of contemporary debate and the vilification of immigrants.”

Vance said “open borders” do not promote “[human] dignity, even of the illegal migrants themselves,” and cited drug and sex trafficking.

“When you empower the cartels and when you empower the human traffickers, whether in the United States or anywhere else, you’re empowering the very worst people in the world,” Vance said.

“My priority, my charge is to look after the people of the United States of America, and you cannot do that if you’re flooding the country with a ton of illegal immigrants and the drugs and the crime that they bring,” Vance said.

According to U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem this year, as of October 2025, nearly half a million immigrants without legal status in the country had been arrested. “70% of those individuals have criminal charges against them or have been convicted of those criminal charges,” Noem said.

The administration provides regular updates on “the worst of the worst” criminals they apprehend among the immigrant population without legal status in the country.

Meanwhile, multiple research studies have shown that overall, immigrants do not commit more crimes than U.S.-born people and are actually less likely to commit crimes. Stanford University economist Ran Abramitzky found that since the 1960s, immigrants are 60% less likely to be incarcerated than U.S.-born people.

A study by the libertarian Cato Institute that reviewed more than a decade of data found that immigrants, including those who enter the country illegally, have a lower crime rate than the native-born population.

For example, in 2023, the incarceration rate for native-born Americans was 1,221 for every 100,000 people. For legal immigrants, it was 319 for every 100,000, and for immigrants in the country illegally, it was 613 for every 100,000.

“Despite obstacles and prejudices, generations of immigrants have made enormous contributions to the well-being of our nation,” the U.S. bishops said.

Pro-life groups condemn ‘glorification’ of Kessler twins’ assisted suicide in Germany
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 13:18:00 -0500

CNA Deutsch, Nov 20, 2025 / 13:18 pm (CNA).

The Federal Association for the Right to Life, an umbrella organization for numerous pro-life organizations, has condemned the “glorification” of the assisted suicide of the 89-year-old Kessler twins.

Alice and Ellen Kessler were German singers and performers who were famous in Europe, especially in Italy, in the 1960s. The twin sisters decided to die together by assisted suicide at their home near Munich on Monday.

Alexandra Linder, the pro life association’s chairwoman, said: “There is widespread media coverage of this, with many praising the ‘self-determination’ of choosing the time and manner of death oneself rather than waiting for death and perhaps suffering.”

This is “dangerous,” Linder emphasized, because it could cause “people in suicidal situations” to “to kill themselves or have themselves killed. This so-called Werther effect was sadly evident in the suicide of soccer player Robert Enke: After his suicide became known, the number of suicides rose sharply. The media should take much more responsibility when reporting on such incidents.”

On Nov. 17, Tagesschau in Germany reported: “The Kessler twins Alice and Ellen, who became internationally known as singers, actresses, and entertainers, are dead. A spokesperson for the Munich police confirmed an operation in Grünwald near Munich. He did not provide any background information.”

“It was a case of assisted suicide, the German Society for Humane Dying (DGHS) told Bavarian Radio,” the Tagesschau continued. “‘The Kessler twins had been considering assisted suicide for a long time,’ said a DGHS spokeswoman. ‘Alice and Ellen Kessler had been members of the association for some time and had set the date of death themselves as Nov. 17.’”

“A lawyer and a doctor had held preliminary talks with them and came to the sisters’ house in Grünwald on Monday to accompany them as they died,” it said.

The chairwoman of the Federal Association for the Right to Life called for “critical questions about ethics and background” to be asked: “Can a lawyer who does not know the individuals, without appropriate specialist training, assess their mental and physical condition, their history, and their autonomy? Did the two 89-year-old women make this decision without outside influence, without acute pain, without the influence of medication, without fear of loneliness, of the future, of suffering, etc.? Were alternative courses of action sufficiently explained to them, for example, palliative care, attention, therapy options? What role might the people in charge of the euthanasia association have played, given that their interest lies in promoting ‘positive’ examples of death, from joining the organization to deciding to die?”

Linder explained that it is important to know “that the psyche, mood, and will to live can change almost daily, depending on circumstances, the level of pain, and the prospects for recovery. Even who comes to visit on a given day plays a role: a grumpy nurse or a granddaughter with a picture of the sun she painted for her grandmother.”

In Germany, as a wealthy country, “no one has to die alone, in severe pain or suffering, if they do not want to. It is inhumane to abandon people in difficult situations who are contemplating suicide to their fate and to declare their intention to commit suicide as autonomy.”

Eva Maria Welskop-Deffaa, president of the German Caritas Association, also expressed concern that “the extensive reporting and romanticization of the sisters‘ assisted suicide reinforces a social pressure that we have been observing for several years: Older women in particular feel a responsibility not to be a burden on anyone and perceive offers of assisted suicide as a necessary option to consider.”

“Instead of promoting the supposedly easy way out, we need to improve suicide prevention and expand hospice places,” Welskop-Deffaa demanded. “We strongly call for the legal anchoring of suicide prevention measures, such as a ban on advertising for organizations that assist in suicide, along with other legal regulations on assisted suicide.”

This story was first published by CNA Deutsch, CNA’s German-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

World’s tallest Our Lady of Fátima monument inaugurated in Brazil
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 12:48:00 -0500

Sao Paulo, Brazil, Nov 20, 2025 / 12:48 pm (CNA).

The world’s tallest monument dedicated to Our Lady of Fátima was inaugurated and blessed on Nov. 13 during the closing Mass of the Marian Jubilee in Crato, located in Ceará state in northeastern Brazil.

The 177-foot-tall statue was created by the artist Ranilson Viana, inspired by the replica of the pilgrim image venerated in the cathedral of Our Lady of Penha, a work by the Portuguese sculptor Guilherme Ferreira Thedim.

“Our hearts overflow with joy and faith because in this blessed land of Crato, this magnificent image of Our Lady of Fátima stands thanks to the presence of the pilgrim image, coming directly from Fátima, in Portugal, a sign of our spiritual communion with that Marian shrine, a beating heart of prayer, penance, and hope for the whole world,” said Bishop Magnus Henrique Lopes of Crato, who celebrated the Mass.

The pilgrim image of Our Lady of Fátima arrived in Juazeiro do Norte on Nov. 10, 72 years after its first visit. Its pilgrimage concluded on Nov. 13 during the closing Mass of the Diocesan Marian Day.

In his homily, Lopes said that “from Fatima to Crato, we travel the same path of faith and tenderness.” He recalled that in Portugal “Mary appeared as a lady brighter than the sun” and that in Crato “she arrives as a loving mother who welcomes her suffering children. Poor, but full of trust.”

The bishop also noted that in blessing “this image of Our Lady of Fátima,” we can hear “the same maternal invitation” that Mary made at the wedding at Cana, when she said to the servants: “Do whatever he tells you.”

‘Fátima is a school of listening and obedience to the Gospel’

“In this simple gesture” of Our Lady at Cana “is all the theology of Marian intercession,” he explained. “Mary does not take the place of Jesus. She reveals him. She does not create grace. Mary leads us to the One who is grace itself.”

As the bishop explained it, “Fátima is a school of listening and obedience to the Gospel.”

“Mary called the little shepherds Lucia, Francisco, and Jacinta to conversion, to praying the rosary, to penance, and to trust in God’s love,” he added.

“Today, many Franciscos and many Lucias and countless Jacintas no longer listen to the call to prayer, to catechesis, to the sacred moment” but instead “so often listen to other voices” that “destroy dreams, families, and hope,” the bishop lamented.

“We live in times when faith, the sacred, are being snatched from the hands of children, from the hearts of our young people, from our sons and daughters,” he warned. “And this void manifests itself in violence, in self-destruction, in a loss of meaning, and in dehumanization at an early age.”

“We, laypeople, consecrated men and women, and authorities, are witnessing how these dreams are being stolen. We are perceiving with indifference, even contributing to it because it’s easier that way, to the destruction and disintegration of the future of our children,” he pointed out. “That is why the message of Fátima is so urgent here in our land, in our diocese, and in so many other dioceses where the faith of the people is profound and Marian devotion is an integral part of [their lives].

At the end of the Mass, Lopes imparted the apostolic blessing with a plenary indulgence to the faithful present and then went to the new monument in Crato with the pilgrim image of Our Lady of Fátima, where he blessed the new statue.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Belarus pardons 2 Catholic priests after talks with Vatican
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 12:12:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 20, 2025 / 12:12 pm (CNA).

Two Catholic priests in Belarus will be released from prison in an act of “goodwill” after national leaders engaged in talks with the Vatican.

The state media organ BelTA reported on Nov. 20 that Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko “pardoned two Catholic priests convicted of serious crimes against the state.”

The pardons of Father Henrykh Akalatovich and Father Andzej Yukhnevich came after “intensification of contacts with the Vatican, as well as the principles of goodwill, mercy, and the jubilee year proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church,” the government media organization said.

A separate press release from the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus expressed “gratitude to all those who contributed to the release of imprisoned priests.”

The bishops thanked both Vatican officials and Belarusian Church leaders for helping maintain “a positive dynamic of bilateral relations based on traditional values, brotherhood, tolerance, and respect for believers.”

Akalatovich had been sentenced on Dec. 30, 2024, to 11 years in prison for “high treason,” a charge that Lukashenko’s regime applies to political prisoners. The priest had reportedly already suffered a heart attack and undergone surgery for cancer before his arrest in November 2023.

Reuters, meanwhile, reported that Yukhnevich had been sentenced to 13 years in prison earlier this year on charges of abusing minors. The priest denied those allegations.

The human rights group Viasna reported on Nov. 20 that the release came in part “thanks to the visit of Cardinal Claudio Gugerotti,” who serves as prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches.

Akalatovich previously said his conviction of “spying on behalf of Poland at the Vatican” was a “gross provocation.”

There was “not a word of truth in the case against him, not a single fact that implicates him in espionage, while the entire accusation is based on lies, threats, and blackmail,” the priest said, according to Viasna.

During the prosecution of his own case, meanwhile, Yukhnevich “denied all charges and tried to prove his innocence,” Viasna said. The human rights group claimed that the alleged victims who testified against him “may have given their testimony under pressure,” though it did not offer any further information.

In a 2023 report, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom said religious freedom conditions in Belarus “continued to trend negatively” as the government “persisted in exerting control over all aspects of society.”

The report highlighted the September 2022 closure of the Church of Sts. Simon and Helena in Minsk, which it described as ”a symbol of political opposition to the Lukashenko regime” during protests in 2020.

What attendees can expect at the 2025 National Catholic Youth Conference
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 11:34:00 -0500

Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov 20, 2025 / 11:34 am (CNA).

The National Catholic Youth Conference (NCYC) meets in Indianapolis for three days of prayer, community, evangelization, catechesis, and service for Catholic teenagers.

The 2025 theme is “I Am,” and the conference mission is for participants to encounter Christ and be empowered for discipleship.

NCYC was created by the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry (NFCYM), an organization committed to advancing the field of pastoral ministry to young people in the United States. Founded with the support of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, the organization works to strengthen those who accompany young people as they encounter and follow Jesus Christ.

The conference, from Nov. 20–22, will feature Catholic speakers, daily Mass and adoration, music and worship, breakout groups and workshops, and interactive exhibits with games, vendors, meetups, and live radio shows.

Attendees will also hear from the conference’s two emcees, Gian Gamboa​ and Sister Elfie Del Rosario, FMA. Gamboa​ is a Catholic speaker and musician who helps young people develop a personal relationship with Jesus so they can experience the fullness of the Catholic faith.

Del Rosario, who has become known as “The Happy Nun,” is a Daughter of Mary Help of Christians, or Salesian Sisters of St. John Bosco. She joined the Salesian Sisters in 2009 and serves as the vocations director for the eastern U.S. province. Passionate about engaging with youth, she shares encouragement to bring them closer to Jesus.

Digital encounter with Pope Leo XIV

Attendees can attend Mass on Nov. 20 and start to check out the interactive exhibits and stadium setup.

Friday will feature the main attraction of the 2025 conference — a digital encounter with Pope Leo XIV. Pope Leo will hold a 45-minute dialogue with young people from across the United States in Lucas Oil Stadium at 10:15 a.m. ET. A livestream of the discussion will be available on EWTN YouTube.

Cardinal Christophe Pierre, apostolic nuncio to the United States, is expected to attend NCYC along with several bishops including keynote speaker Bishop Joseph Espaillat, auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of New York. Other keynote addresses will be from author and missionary Meg Hunter-Kilmer and Sister Miriam James Heidland of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Most Holy Trinity, host of the podcast “Abiding Together.”

Themed exhibits based on the sacraments will be available throughout the weekend and will include interactive projects and acts of service. Vendors tailored to the young audience will be present including Motherboards, a Catholic skateboarding company, and Catalyst Catholic, a ministry helping young disciples, that will help lead a service project aimed to aid the homeless population.

Breakout sessions and workshops will start Friday and go through Saturday. Students will hear from and hold discussions with missionaries, social media personalities, and musicians.

Teens will talk about family life, social media, discovering God’s calling, and discernment. Sessions also will target an adult audience for ministry leaders and chaperones including discussions on mental health and handling burnout.

To conclude the conference, attendees plan to gather for a closing Mass on Saturday evening.

Catholic advocates petition New York foundation to fund pensions, church preservation
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 10:40:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 20, 2025 / 10:40 am (CNA).

Advocates in New York state are petitioning a Catholic foundation there to help fund major pension shortages and church preservation efforts as well as to help support victims of clergy sex abuse.

In a Nov. 13 letter to the Mother Cabrini Health Foundation in New York City, representatives of the group Save Our Buffalo Churches, sexual abuse victims, and pensioners of the former St. Clare’s Hospital asked the foundation to help the three communities with the “profound hardship” they are experiencing.

Numerous parishes in Buffalo have been fighting diocesan-mandated closures and mergers over the past year. Hundreds of former workers of St. Clare’s, meanwhile, saw their pensions reduced or eliminated starting in 2018 due to major shortfalls. The hospital itself closed about a decade before.

Abuse victims, meanwhile, have “been locked in a legal morass, denied the long-term healing resources and institutional acknowledgment of the harm they endured,” the letter said.

The foundation arose in 2018 after the Diocese of Brooklyn sold the health insurer Fidelis Care. The organization, whose roughly $3.2 billion in assets came from that sale, is named after Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini, the first American recognized as a saint, who founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

The letter noted that Cabrini “devoted her life to the people others overlooked,” including immigrants and the poor.

“Guided by that legacy, we ask the foundation to explore emergency relief, stabilization funds, and community support initiatives” to help fund the three groups.

The letter-writers asked for a meeting with foundation leaders “to explore potential pathways for assistance aligned with both the foundation’s mission and the pressing needs of survivors, pensioners, and parish communities.”

Mary Pruski, who leads the Save Our Buffalo Churches group, told CNA that advocates in New York City would be following up with the foundation this week.

“This is a complex project and will bring much peace and healing across [New York state],” she said.

Pensioners with St. Clare’s Hospital are currently in the midst of a lawsuit brought by New York state against the Diocese of Albany for what the state attorney general’s office says was “[failure] to adequately fund, manage, and protect hospital employees’ hard-earned pensions.”

The prosecutor’s office alleges that the diocese “[failed] to take adequate measures” to secure the pension fund, including “failing to make any annual contributions to the pension for all but two years from 2000 to 2019 and hiding the collapse of the pension plan from former hospital workers who were vested in the plan.”

Parishioners in Buffalo, meanwhile, have challenged the diocesan parish merger and closure plan, with advocates securing a reprieve against the diocese at the state Supreme Court in July.

The state high court ultimately tossed the lawsuit out in September, ruling that the court had no jurisdiction over the dispute.

President of EWTN Spain: The most reasonable thing to believe is that Jesus Christ is God
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 10:10:00 -0500

Madrid, Spain, Nov 20, 2025 / 10:10 am (CNA).

José Carlos González-Hurtado, president of EWTN Spain, has published a new book, “The Scientific Evidence that Jesus Is God,” following the success of his first book on the existence of God, which has already gone through eight editions.

While his first bestseller offered scientific arguments supporting the existence of God, his new work uses scientific arguments to address the five possible options regarding Jesus Christ: myth, manipulated figure, liar, maniac, or Messiah.

In a recent interview with ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner, González explained how he became a successful writer talking about science and faith and the providential meaning this has today before going through some aspects of the book.

ACI Prensa: You say in the book that despite considering yourself Catholic and being a practicing Catholic, for a time “faith was not a priority, nor did it serve as a foundation” in your life.

González: I was Catholic, as most Spaniards are, but in the sense that it wasn’t one of the things that defined me. Now, with complete certainty, when I define myself, I say, “I am Catholic.”

What does that mean? That it’s part of your life, that it’s not a jacket or a tie that you put on one day and not the next. That idea of ​​putting on and taking off faith is more Protestant than Catholic. We Catholics believe in the unity of life.

For me, it was a jacket that I put on and took off, and that, at certain times, I didn’t wear.

However, you have reflected and prayed a great deal to be able to distill a wealth of thought and heartfelt reflection on God, his existence, and Christ in two books. What happened?

Living in Israel changed me. I was the CEO of an American company. I was there when the second Palestinian “intifada” [uprising] took place, when the suicide bombings began. My family left, and that’s when I came to the conclusion that we all have to die.

Much later, I began giving lectures on the scientific evidence for the existence of God. One of those lectures became popular online, and then a publisher asked me to [write a book] on it. Neither of us thought it would be a top seller.

Providentially, one of the questions that always came up in the lectures I’ve given about the other book — more than 200 of them — is: “OK, fine, you’ve convinced me that God exists. Now, is Jesus Christ God? Is there evidence that Jesus Christ is God?”

And yes, there is evidence that Jesus Christ is God. Plenty of it. In fact, I often say that the most reasonable thing to believe is that Jesus Christ is God.

Of all those lectures, there seems to have been a special connection with young people. What has that experience been like?

I say what I say. I say it for everyone. Look, whether it gets through more or less, I don’t know. But I don’t have a special message for young people. In fact, I think that’s a mistake, because young or not, we all have a soul and we all have to save it, and each of us is responsible for our own.

What do I think is happening? That people my age, many of us are already entrenched in our ideas. I’m talking, for example, about atheism, about atheists. Atheists don’t just think that God doesn’t exist, but they’ve built their lives around the nonexistence of God. The difference is that I have evidence to support my faith, and they don’t.

Now, for a person that’s 50, 60, 70, or 40 years old, who has built his life around that, it’s very difficult to do a 180: What does that mean for my life? What do I have to change in my life? What will people say about me?

Older people have more inertia to make them not want to change. And young people don’t. So, often, what happens with young people is: “Hey, I’m an atheist, or I’m agnostic, because nobody has told me what you’re telling me.”

The book is proposing in the strongest way that faith is reasonable. That’s audacious, isn’t it?

I’ve noticed that many Catholic scientists are afraid to take the step of acknowledging the evidence that proves their faith. They suffer from learned alienation syndrome, or what’s called learned helplessness. Their heads are spinning with what science has discovered: that they are right, coming from a faith perspective.

These are scientists who lack the boldness to recognize what Nobel laureates have recognized. Max Planck says: “Science imposes God” [leads to the unavoidable conclusion that he exists]. Amfinsen says: “Only an idiot can be an atheist.” Barton says: “Science demonstrates [the existence of] God.”

Science doesn’t disprove God. How could it disprove him if God created science? How could he disprove himself? But that’s not it. It’s a path God has put there for us to reach him.

All I’m doing is presenting the evidence God has given us over the last 50 years. Why now? Because providentially, God has decided: “This is the path for humanity today.”

God has decided: Humanity today can reach him through science. And he provides us with evidence from physics, chemistry, mathematics, cosmology, and biology.

The book begins by demonstrating the historical existence of Jesus. Was that really necessary?

First, methodologically, I want to present all the options. What is Jesus Christ? The options are: He didn’t exist, in which case he’s a myth; he’s a manipulation — he didn’t say what we think he said; he was a liar; he was crazy; or, he’s the Messiah. What I do is present all the historical sources — non-Christian and, moreover, hostile to Christianity — that demonstrate that Jesus Christ exists.

Others say there is only the historical Jesus. In the book, you argue that anyone who says Jesus was “a good man” is taking refuge in “a fraudulent shelter.” In what sense?

Jesus truly challenges you. Once [you know] he exists, you read him or about him. And you say: This guy was special. Then you start looking for alternatives that won’t change your life. The comfortable alternative, like a cozy, dimly lit corner: “Jesus is a guru. He was a good guy.”

Jesus wasn’t a good guy. Jesus wasn’t. Because he didn’t want to be, either. He didn’t want to present himself as “I’m your buddy.”

That’s the fraudulent refuge, I’m sorry, because it’s the one that doesn’t help you take the step. It’s like agnosticism in the first book. Atheism is an affirmation. Agnosticism is the Sargasso Sea, a place where you’re stuck, there are no currents, no breezes. And you can come to the end of your life in that state. And that’s a shame.

Does rejecting him stem primarily from the implication that you’re going to have to change your life?

It depends on the person. I did think about it in the first book: Atheism often stems from pride. Also in the case of rejecting Jesus Christ. Then he’s no more than Socrates or Buddha.

Jesus’ teachings aren’t just about turning the other cheek. Jesus Christ speaks of hell many times. And I know that priests, bishops, and clergy don’t like to talk about it. None of us likes to talk about hell. But it’s true that it’s an integral part of the message of Jesus Christ. And Jesus Christ comes to save us. And if he comes to save us, it’s because we can be condemned.

Science has been championed as something contrary to God. In the book, however, it’s shown to be practically God’s best ally, isn’t it?

This isn’t my own saying; I don’t remember who said it: “Science is opposed to religion as my thumb is opposed to my index finger. And, thanks to both of them, I can hold the spoon.” They are the two branches, two of the paths that lead us to God.

Science begins and develops in Christian environments. Virtually all universities have been founded by clergymen. So, to say otherwise, I think, is somewhat ignorant.

Science has evolved considerably since Voltaire, and, moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that the origin of both philosophical and scientific thought lies in the same origin: What we call God.

You argue that miracles are evidence that Jesus is God. But one can counter that a miracle involves a leap of faith. How can we explain miracles as proof?

What is a miracle? It is a prodigious and surprising intervention of God in the causes of nature. What does it take to not believe in miracles? Not to believe in God. When someone tells you, “No, I don’t believe in miracles,” that is a proxy for “I don’t believe in God.”

If God exists, are miracles impossible? No. Are they contradictory? No. So, can they happen? Yes. The person who tells you, “God exists and miracles don’t,” is really saying, “I tell God what he can and can’t do.”

Since, as we have defined it, it is a prodigious intervention of God, only God can perform it. If Jesus Christ performs miracles in his own name, in his own name, “I tell you, get up,” then he is saying, “I am God.”

On the other hand, you propose that understanding faith as a gift can be counterproductive for Christians. In what sense?

This is very interesting. If it’s a gift and you lose faith, it means God has taken that gift away. It’s not just a gift. Faith, says St. Thomas Aquinas, is a movement of the intellect instructed by the will and assisted by grace.

All three things are necessary. I maintain that God will always give grace to all those who have good understanding and an upright will.

St. Thomas Aquinas also said that unbelievers, normally, are not unbelieving due to a lack of understanding. It’s due to a lack of will; it’s because they don’t want to.

If you sincerely say, “I truly want to,” God will give it to you because he wants everyone to come to the knowledge of the truth and for everyone to be saved. And one of the things God does is not lie. When God says, “Ask and it will be given to you,” he’s not lying.

Yes, faith is not just a gift. It’s very dangerous [to say that it is] because it’s like, well, I didn’t get it. You know, it was the lottery, and I was like, ugh, what bad luck I didn’t win.

What’s in your heart about this book that we can’t pass over without talking about it?

The other day I was also asked, “What evidence convinces you the most?”

One piece of evidence is the prophets, the fact it was prophesied 700, 600, 800 years before Jesus Christ what would happen with Jesus Christ and moreover, only happened with Jesus Christ. And we also have proof that they wrote it down centuries earlier. Because sometimes people say, “Oh, well, but that was done to make it all square.” No.

We have the complete Book of Isaiah. The Book of Isaiah was written in 750 B.C., but we have a complete copy from the fourth century B.C., where it mentions that the Messiah will be crucified.

So that we understand each other, Isaiah didn’t know what crucifixion was, because it didn’t exist in the Jewish world, and yet he has a vision: The Messiah will come and the Messiah will be crucified. And that’s exactly what happens with Jesus Christ.

The second piece are the Eucharistic miracles. This is a further step: It demonstrates the divinity of Jesus Christ. But it also demonstrates transubstantiation.

It has been scientifically proven by independent laboratories that the consecrated host has sometimes transformed into living, cardiac tissue that emanates type AB blood and also contains leukocytes.

Faced with this, the atheist, the agnostic, simply ignores it and says no, I’m sure there’s a trick. But look, it’s external universities, independent laboratories that have certified this.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Polish, German bishops sign new declaration 60 years after historic reconciliation
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0500

EWTN News, Nov 20, 2025 / 09:10 am (CNA).

In 1965, Polish bishops sent a letter of reconciliation to their German counterparts. “We grant forgiveness and ask for forgiveness,” they wrote on Nov. 18. The German episcopate responded on Dec. 5, 1965, expressing the hope that “the evil spirit of hatred may never again separate our hands.”

It was a significant two-sided gesture of reconciliation after World War II, when Nazi Germany invaded Poland, killing many people and establishing concentration camps on Polish soil. Sixty years later, a commemoration took place in Wrocław on Tuesday, Nov. 18, with delegates of both episcopates including their chairs, German Bishop Georg Bätzing and Polish Archbishop Tadeusz Wojda. Polish Cardinal Grzegorz Ryś and German Cardinal Rainer Maria Woelki were also present.

They gathered at the monument to Archbishop Bolesław Kominek — later cardinal — who had been behind the idea of the Polish letter and served as archbishop in Wrocław.

This Polish prelate showed how to “bind a prophetic voice with reality.” Neither was he “naive nor a dreamer,” nor “a highly pragmatic Church leader,” Bätzing acknowledged.

On the contrary, he was a Polish patriot who knew the German language and culture, so he “was predestined to be a bridge-builder.” He did the necessary work to achieve his goal, the president of the German Bishops’ Conference stressed.

“The Polish-German reconciliation was found in the person of Cardinal Kominek,” Bätzing underlined.

Current Metropolitan Archbishop of Wrocław Józef Kupny called the letter of the Polish bishops a “visionary step.” At the commemoration, he mentioned that the letter was attacked by communists who ruled in Poland 60 years ago. “Also today this message may arouse opposition, controversy, or misunderstanding,” he added.

Yet we must proceed with similar acts in “our daily choices, decisions, and attitudes” so as to create a “relay passed on by generations based on truth and real forgiveness,” the Polish prelate emphasized.

“True change does not begin with grand treaties, but with our hearts,” he said.

The participants then moved to the cathedral for a Mass. The commemoration was followed by an exhibition — “Reconciliation for Europe” — ecumenical prayer, and an international conference the day after.

The bishops’ representatives signed a declaration titled “Courage of Extended Hands.” The text affirms that the motto “We Forgive and We Ask for Forgiveness” is not history, as it guides us today and must do so in the future. Germany and Poland are co-responsible for Europe and the world nowadays and recognize the importance of “a European idea, a shared place of rights and peace,” the declaration said.

The churches in Poland and Germany want to “continue to work to break down and overcome enmities in Europe.”

The bishops are convinced that “Europe must stand together against violence,” referring to “the Russian war against Ukraine.” They encourage “countries to do everything to ensure the survival of the Ukrainian people” and to “contribute to the defense of fundamental values.”

“Practical solidarity with those under attack and compassion are needed,” the declaration reads.

Microsoft says it will not discriminate against religious groups after investor criticism
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 07:00:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 20, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

After pushback from investors, Microsoft has signed a statement agreeing not to discriminate against religious or conservative nonprofit groups seeking a discount the tech giant offers to other nonprofits.

On Oct. 10, Microsoft and Boyer Research, a group of shareholders represented by Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF), a Christian legal group, signed the agreement. News of the agreement was published on Nov. 14.

The shareholders had planned to put forth a proposal asking Microsoft on Dec. 5 at its annual meeting for a report on the company’s discounting practices, according to Bloomberg News.

The shareholders agreed not to move forward with the proposal after Microsoft signed the agreement, which stated that nonprofits no longer needed to affirm a nondiscrimination attestation. The company also said a categorical ban on pregnancy centers would be removed.

In a statement to CNA on Nov. 19, Microsoft said: “The broad and diverse array of nonprofits is one of America’s great strengths, and the purpose of this nonprofit program is to provide discounts to a broad group of organizations that qualify as nonprofits under the federal tax code. We don’t think it’s desirable to pick and choose among these organizations based on ideological orientation. In this instance, we found that a small number of organizations that should have been eligible for these discounts were not receiving them. We’ve fixed this and those organizations are now eligible.”

ADF attorney Alexandra Gaiser, who represented the shareholders, told CNA that the legal group and some pregnancy centers they represent are now in “wait-and-see mode.”

She said since the agreement was signed, one pregnancy center has applied for the discount and been denied, but “a couple have received the nonprofit discount.”

“We are looking forward to seeing more nonprofits get the discount,” Gaiser said.

Microsoft is not the only corporation alleged to have discriminatory practices against faith-based or conservative groups that ADF has contended with.

ADF filed two federal lawsuits this year, one against California-based software company Asana and the other against OpenAI, makers of ChatGPT, who both agreed in settlements to give previously withheld nonprofit discounts to Holy Sexuality, a Christian nonprofit group that makes videos and courses that teach about biblical principles on human sexuality.

In the settlements, both tech companies said they would remove barriers to the discounts for religious organizations, according to ADF.

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier shared a letter he sent to Microsoft on social media on Nov. 3 in which he said the state might take legal action against the company if discriminatory practices against religious groups continued.

Scorsese’s ‘The Saints’ spotlights extraordinary Catholic men and women
Thu, 20 Nov 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 20, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

The second season of Martin Scorsese’s docudrama series “The Saints” premiered on Fox Nation on Nov. 16. The series highlights the extraordinary lives of men and women who embodied their faith and became saints in the Catholic Church. The new season includes episodes on St. Patrick, St. Peter, St. Thomas Becket, and St. Carlo Acutis.

Created by Matti Leshem and developed by Scorsese, himself a Catholic, the show’s new episodes will be released weekly from Nov. 16 to Dec. 7. The first season included episodes on St. Mary Magdalene, St. Moses the Black, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Maximilian Kolbe, St. Joan of Arc, St. John the Baptist, and St. Sebastian.

Leshem, who co-founded a production company focused on Jewish history and Judeo-Christian dialogue, spoke to CNA in an interview about the inspiration behind the series and how his own Jewish faith has been impacted by diving into the lives of Catholic saints.

The filmmaker shared that he was introduced to the lives of the saints from a young age and was “really moved by them.”

From the ages of 10 to 15 Leshem attended a Catholic school in Copenhagen that was run by Assumptionist nuns. Despite his father being an Israeli ambassador and having a Jewish school available to them, his father “prized education over all things … and he sent me to a Catholic school because that was the best school.”

“I was really exposed to all those stories and I was really taken with it … And I think in adulthood, as I kind of became a filmmaker and told different stories, I thought these are incredible stories of humanity, the story of the saints, and what is it like to be someone who’s actually willing, in many cases, to die for the thing you believe in,” he said.

He added: “I also felt that there was a strong need at this moment, especially, to tell stories about faith. And that really is where the inspiration came from.”

Leshem explained that he believes a series like this is needed right now because “social media has really fragmented society in every way — spiritually, politically, I think especially for young people — I think we’re kind of suffering a spiritual crisis.”

“It’s really been a struggle for young people who are constantly being faced with the comparative ego on social media and this is a time for people to go inwards and to try to find their faith, and the great monotheistic faith traditions are really the thing that we’ve always gone back to time and time again,” he shared.

One saint who will be featured in the second season who Leshem believes is a relatable figure for many today is St. Carlo Acutis — the first millennial saint who was canonized on Sept. 7.

“I think what’s beautiful about Carlo is that he was a regular teenager in some ways, but he also had this deep, spiritual connection from a very early age. He knew that his relationship with Christ was very special,” Leshem shared.

The filmmaker recalled going to Assisi to visit the body of Acutis at the Sanctuary of the Renunciation and witnessing hundreds upon hundreds of schoolchildren lined up to see the beloved saint.

“It was an incredible experience to see that,” he added. “So, we wanted to tell the story of a relevant, modern saint. And I do think that Carlo is a really good example of that resurgence of faith that I hope that we’re seeing.”

In regard to how his Jewish faith has been impacted by delving into the life of Catholics saints, Leshem said: “I feel privileged to be having the most important conversation I think there is to have every single day because I work in the world of saints.”

“I revere the saints and I understand their holiness,” he added.

He pointed out that “a lot of our saints are Jews” — referencing Sts. Peter and Paul, for example — and with this in mind he tries “to bring a kind of authenticity from my own tradition around that.”

“For me, I’m very comfortable living in a world where I understand the covenant of Judaism and I understand the expression of Christ’s message. It just all feels like a continuum,” he said.

As for what he hopes viewers will take away from the series, Leshem said: “I want believers to be reignited in their faith and I want every atheist that watches the series to be interested and to kind of lean towards the ability — everybody needs to believe in something. I think it’s really hard to be a believer, but I think it’s much harder to be an atheist. And so I am hoping that our series inspires everyone wherever they are on the spectrum of belief.”

Editor’s notes: Due to the content and context of the saints’ stories, including graphic violence and gory details of war, the series is recommended for an adult audience. Additionally, each episode ends with a short discussion between three panelists: Jesuit priest Father James Martin, author and poet Mary Karr, and author and senior fellow at the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs Paul Elie.

Faith leaders file suit to distribute Communion at ICE facility
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 18:38:00 -0500

Long Island, New York, Nov 19, 2025 / 18:38 pm (CNA).

A coalition of Catholic faith leaders filed suit Nov. 19 to seek access to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facility in Broadview, Illinois, where clergy have been denied entry to distribute Communion.

The complaint alleged that ICE’s refusal to allow clergy to pray with detainees or offer Communion violates the First Amendment, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. Catholic spiritual leaders attempted to bring Communion to detainees at the ICE facility Nov. 1 after making formal requests to the Department of Homeland Security and ICE, and officials denied entry.

“Despite the long history of religious access to the Broadview detention center established through the persistence and perseverance of the late Sister JoAnn Persch, RSM, and Sister Pat Murphy, RSM, recent months have brought shifting, contradictory, and often opaque communication from DHS and ICE officials. Faced with this lack of honesty and transparency, we were left with no choice but to file this lawsuit,” said Michael N. Okińczyc-Cruz, executive director of the Coalition for Spiritual and Public Leadership, in a statement.

Asked Nov. 17 whether it would take a judge’s order to get Communion to detainees at the Broadview facility, Nate Madden, DHS principal deputy assistant secretary for communications, told CNA: “I will not engage in hypotheticals about Broadview’s policies.” He suggested faith leaders contact ICE for entry.

“What we say is that all religious leaders and religious people who want to come and take pastoral care, and they want to take Communion or Bible studies or anything like that, to come into our detention facilities, they can reach out to ICE,” Madden said.

Federal court continues review of ICE facility

In another case, a Chicago-based federal judge postponed a hearing scheduled for Nov. 19 to assess whether ICE had improved living conditions for migrants detained at the suburban Broadview facility.

As reports of the number of people held at the facility sharply dropped this month, Judge Robert W. Gettleman of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois said he would conduct a hearing on conditions at the facility in December.

Earlier this month, Gettleman issued a temporary restraining order directing DHS and ICE to improve living conditions at Broadview. Detainees alleged they were being held for several days in squalid conditions, with clogged, overflowing toilets, poor-quality food, inadequate sleeping arrangements, and a lack of access to basic hygiene supplies. On Nov. 5, Gettleman — appointed to the bench in 1994 by President Bill Clinton — ordered that all detainees be provided with soap, towels, toilet paper, oral hygiene products (including toothbrushes and toothpaste), and menstrual products.

His Nov. 5 order further specified: “Defendants shall provide each detainee with at least three full meals per day that meet the U.S. recommended dietary allowance … Defendants shall provide each detainee with a bottle of potable water with each meal and bottled water upon request free of charge.” The court also directed that paperwork provided to detainees “should include an accompanying Spanish translation.”

DHS Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Tricia McLaughlin responded to the lawsuit by noting that Broadview is technically a “field office,” not a “detention facility.” She said religious organizations are welcome to provide services to detainees in ICE detention facilities.

Class action status

In a significant development for the plaintiffs, Gettleman this week granted the detainees’ request to proceed as a class action. The decision could allow the named plaintiffs to represent not only themselves but also potentially hundreds of current and future migrants processed at Broadview.

On Nov. 13, the ACLU of Illinois — one of the legal groups representing the detainees alongside the MacArthur Justice Center and the Chicago office of Eimer Stahl — said they had completed an inspection of the Broadview facility.

“We are grateful that the court gave us an opportunity to inspect the Broadview facility,” the group said. “We remain committed to ensuring that any detainees at Broadview are treated with dignity, have access to counsel, and are provided due process.”

Religious accommodations not addressed

Gettleman did not address detainee complaints concerning a lack of religious accommodations at Broadview, including the ability to receive holy Communion. The lawsuit alleges that detainees have been unconstitutionally denied access to clergy and faith leaders “who have provided religious services at Broadview for years but are now denied the ability to provide pastoral care under defendants’ command.”

“For many years, faith leaders and members of the clergy … provided pastoral care to individuals detained inside Broadview,” the detainees’ lawyers told the court. “Now, no one is allowed inside Broadview. Faith leaders seeking to provide religious services are blocked from providing Communion and spiritual support to detainees, even from outside.”

Catholic leaders in Chicago attempted to minister to detainees at Broadview on Nov. 1. Auxiliary Bishop José María García-Maldonado and others were not admitted, despite requesting access weeks in advance and attempting to follow DHS guidelines.

Pope Leo XIV said earlier this month that the spiritual needs of migrants in detention must be taken seriously by government authorities. “I would certainly invite the authorities to allow pastoral workers to attend to the needs of those people,” he said. “Many times, they’ve been separated from their families for a good amount of time. No one knows what’s happening, but their own spiritual needs should be attended to.”

U.S. bishops likewise issued a special message Nov. 12 calling for the human dignity of migrants to be respected.

Immigrant rights advocate Mercy Sister JoAnn Persch, 91, dies
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 17:48:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 19, 2025 / 17:48 pm (CNA).

Longtime immigrant rights advocate Sister JoAnn Persch died on Nov. 14 at age 91.

Two weeks before her death, Persch attempted to bring Communion to detainees at the Broadview, Illinois, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facility where for decades the Sisters of Mercy ministered to migrants and refugees. Officials denied her entry.

Persch and Sister Pat Murphy were founding members of the Su Casa Catholic Worker House in Chicago, serving refugees from Central America who were survivors of war, torture, and political persecution. From 1997 until 2002, the pair ministered at Casa Notre Dame in Chicago, a shelter for women fleeing domestic violence or recovering from addiction.

Beginning in January 2007, the two sisters attended prayer vigils every Friday morning outside the Broadview ICE facility where they encountered migrants scheduled for deportation and followed Murphy’s advice that “prayer is powerful, but you also have to put your body on the line.”

Through perseverance, Persch said she gained entry to the ICE facility during those years despite initial repeated refusals from government officials.

“Our motto is peacefully, respectfully, but never take no for an answer, so we kept working with ICE,” Persch said Nov. 1. “Finally, we got inside.”

‘It was so traumatic’

Persch said eventually she was allowed to ride the buses to the airport with detainees after working with ICE. The sisters took down names of detainees and their families’ phone numbers.

“Then we’d spend the morning at home calling the families,” Persch said.

“We always worked with the families,” Persch said. “It was so traumatic. But then we were finally able to go in, helping families, meeting those being deported, listening to them, talking, praying.”

“We had a good relationship with ICE. We’d talk to each other,” Persch said.

U.S. Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Illinois, said: “These nuns were often the last to see these immigrants before they embarked on their life-changing journeys. Sister JoAnn’s passing is the end of a life of kindness and caring. But it is more. It is a reminder and a challenge to each of us to welcome the stranger and choose kindness over hate and fear.”

Because of relentless advocacy on behalf of migrants and refugees, including lobbying for a law to provide spiritual care for migrants in state detention facilities, the two sisters were affectionately nicknamed “Rabble” and “Rouser” by friends and fellow advocates.

In 2018, U.S. Capitol Police arrested the pair during the Catholic Day of Action for Action for Dreamers in Washington, D.C., a nonviolent civil disobedience protest in support of immigrants.

Persch’s advocacy also won media attention such as from comedian and political commentator Samantha Bee on her television show, “Full Frontal.”

Looking for housing

In 2022, the two nuns cofounded Catherine’s Caring Cause in response to a request to help a family seeking asylum, a mother from Sierra Leone with five children, to resettle in the Chicago area. Catherine’s Caring Cause, named in honor of Catherine McAuley, the founder of the Sisters of Mercy, assists refugee families in finding shelter and providing basic necessities.

On Nov. 1, Persch said the organization had found homes for 15 families living in cars and they were looking for housing for a 16th.

Persch entered the Sisters of Mercy in Des Plaines, Illinois, 73 years ago. A native of Milwaukee, she earned a bachelor’s degree in home economics from St. Xavier College (now University) in Chicago and a master’s in religious education from Loyola University. Persch professed her perpetual vows on Aug. 16, 1958.

Sister Susan Sanders, president of the Sisters of Mercy of the Americas, said: “How will it be when we will miss JoAnn’s clear voice — quiet, insistent, regular, and respectful — about the new and daily injustices being perpetrated on already-suffering people? How will it be when we will miss her incisive questions, like those she posed to prison guards about why it would be unsafe to offer the Eucharist to imprisoned immigrants?”

New immersive Shroud of Turin museum opens in Southern California
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 16:53:00 -0500

Los Angeles, California, Nov 19, 2025 / 16:53 pm (CNA).

“The Shroud of Turin: An Immersive Experience,” a $5 million, 10,000-square-foot museum on the chancery campus of the Diocese of Orange in Southern California, opened to visitors Wednesday.

The museum is presented by Papaian Studios in partnership with the Diocese of Orange and Othonia Inc., an international team of specialists dedicated to exploring and sharing the mystery of the Shroud of Turin.

The 90-minute experience introduces visitors to the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, with a special focus on the Shroud of Turin, which many believe to be the burial cloth of Christ.

Inspired by the advanced technology incorporated in “Van Gogh Exhibition: The Immersive Experience” and the “Immersive King Tut,” the museum features 360-degree projection-room theaters as well as shroud replicas, interactive kiosks, a life-sized corpus, and a variety of artwork.

Jason Pearson of FiveHive Studios, which offers AI special effects and animation services, is a Catholic convert who worked with Othonia, a team of shroud specialists, to design the museum. Among his movie credits is Mel Gibson’s 2004 “The Passion of the Christ.” He has long had an interest in the shroud and has been a volunteer guide at the Shroud Center of Southern California located at the Santiago Retreat Center, also in the Diocese of Orange.

“Using technology on display like that of the Van Gogh or King Tut exhibits, we’re doing things that have never been done before,” Pearson told CNA. “Whether it be Jesus walking on water or through the streets of Jerusalem, or in the tomb at the moment of the Resurrection, we make use of sound and projections so that the visitor feels like he’s going back into a time machine and experiencing these things himself.”

The museum is designed for everyone, Pearson continued, even those who have no religious background at all.

Located on the second floor of the campus’ Richard H. Pickup Cultural Center, the museum has three theater rooms. Using surround sound and images, including on the floor, the first room introduces the visitor to the person of Jesus Christ through presentation of 12 stories from his life, but each one is selected to show Christ’s connection to the supernatural (e.g. the Transfiguration). The next introduces the visitor to the shroud itself, including proof of its authenticity and what it tells us about the sufferings of Christ. The third is devoted to the Resurrection leading the viewer to ponder a pointed question: Who do you believe the man on the shroud is?

The third theater exits into the museum area, which includes displays of reproductions of items that were part of the passion of Christ, including a flagellum (whip), the crown of thorns and nails, as well as a reproduction of what the tomb of Christ might have looked like.

Other exhibits include an AI presentation of Secondo Pia (1855–1941) who, while photographing the shroud in 1898, discovered that its negative image offered a clearer image of the man on the shroud with a detail in his face that could not been seen by the naked eye. Another traces the history of the iconography of Christ, demonstrating how accurate, when comparing it to the shroud image, many of the icons were. And, one compares the Sudarium of Oviedo, or the facial cloth that covered Christ’s face after his death, to the image on the shroud.

Pearson hopes that the museum will be a prototype for additional shroud museums in different regions of the country. Inquiries have been made about establishing shroud museums from places as far away as Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.

One portion of the museum is dedicated to the science of the shroud, and two kiosks allow visitors to ask questions of a digital Father Robert Spitzer, who has extensively researched the shroud over the past 20 years. Spitzer, who has an office at Christ Cathedral, noted that he was pleased with the museum’s opening. “It gets the pedagogy right, it’s biblically accurate, and they tell me the visual imagery is amazing.” (Spitzer has gone blind in recent years.)

He continued: “And while we welcome anyone, we especially hope many young people will come to learn about the shroud and lead many to come to know more deeply the person of Jesus Christ.”

Nora Creech is on the leadership team of Othonia and helped develop content for the museum. “We want people to come with an open mind, explore, and ask questions. We want them to ask, ‘Who is the man of the shroud?’” she said.

One special target group of the museum, Creech said, is younger people, “many of whom have not been brought up with knowledge of who Jesus is. That is why we seek first to introduce people to Jesus so that they will become interested in his burial shroud.”

Pearson agreed and related the story of two young women who visited the Shroud Center and began weeping, asking: “Why hasn’t anyone told us about him?”

But while the shroud is important in showing us what Jesus suffered, Creech continued, we also need the Church and the Scriptures “to learn why he suffered.”

Orange Auxiliary Bishop Timothy Freyer, who played a key role in bringing the museum to Christ Cathedral, noted that his favorite feature was the reproduction of the crown of thorns, which, contrary to most artistic renditions, was actually shaped like a helmet or cap. He continued: “I’ve been impressed with the entire exhibition. It is very engaging, and I believe it will be an important tool in helping visitors come to know Christ better.”

Also among those excited to see the opening of the museum was Gus Accetta, a physician who has devoted much of his free time to studying the shroud. In 1996, he founded the Shroud Center in Huntington Beach, since relocated to the Santiago Retreat Center and welcoming 25,000 visitors annually.

“It’s a wonderful exhibit,” he said. It not only looks at the shroud but the whole life of Christ, of which the shroud is just a part.”

The Shroud of Turin experience will be on display at Christ Cathedral at least through 2030. The museum is located on Christ Cathedral campus, 12141 Lewis St., Garden Grove, California, a few miles away from Disneyland and the Anaheim Convention Center. For more information, visit the website www.theshroudexperience.com.

Charlotte bishop grants Mass dispensation amid migrant crackdown in North Carolina
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 16:23:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 19, 2025 / 16:23 pm (CNA).

Bishop Michael T. Martin of the Diocese of Charlotte issued a Mass dispensation for any person who fears he or she may be subject to deportation and called for a day of prayer and fasting for migrants as immigration enforcement ramps up throughout North Carolina.

The bishop published the statement on Nov. 18 telling those “who are afraid to come to church” out of fear they could be deported “are not obligated to attend Mass.” These conditions, he said, are “circumstances beyond your control.”

Martin said the Church has always taught that the normal Sunday Mass obligation does not apply when a person cannot attend due to situations he or she does not control.

“I encourage you to take consolation in Jesus’ refrain when the disciples were in the boat being swamped by stormy seas: ‘Do not be afraid!’ (Mt 14:27),” Martin added. “Your brothers and sisters are praying with you, and on your behalf, to God who desires our citizenship together in heaven and longs to see us live in harmony with each other on earth.”

The diocesan statement comes after the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) launched Operation Charlotte’s Web late last week, which escalated immigration enforcement in North Carolina.

Tricia McLaughlin, the assistant secretary for public affairs at DHS, said in a statement that the operation was launched to “ensure Americans are safe and public safety threats are removed” and said “Americans should be able to live without fear of violent criminal illegal aliens hurting them, their families, or their neighbors.”

DHS announced more than 130 arrests from the operation as of Nov. 17. A DHS spokesperson said the operation is “removing the worst of the worst.” The department published the names of 11 detainees, which it alleged included known gang members and people charged with assault, larceny, intoxicated driving, and other crimes.

President Donald Trump’s administration eliminated guidelines that previously treated churches as “sensitive locations” for immigration enforcement in January.

Nate Madden, principal deputy assistant secretary for communications at DHS, told CNA on Nov. 17 that “when we are pursuing the worst of the worst” who have criminal histories, some suspects “run to places where they think they will be able to evade law enforcement or where they think that law enforcement will be afraid to pursue them because of the appearance.”

A DHS spokesperson said in a statement to CNA in July that enforcement in houses of worship would be “extremely rare” and “our officers use discretion.” She said officers still need approval from a secondary supervisor before taking action at a church.

Nov. 21: Day of prayer and fasting for migrants

In the diocesan statement, Martin asked his diocese to observe a day of prayer and fasting on Friday, Nov. 21, in solidarity with migrants around the world.

The bishop asked people to contact loved ones at risk of deportation to “assure them of our love and care for them” and asked Catholics to contact lawmakers in both parties to encourage them to pass immigration reform that adheres to the common good.

He also asked people not to vilify federal agents.

“While I have no words to practically address the fear and uncertainty that many are feeling with the increased presence of federal immigration officials in the Charlotte metro area, I want to call upon all Catholics and people of goodwill to give witness to the message of Jesus,” Martin said.

“Our faith teaches us to come to the aid of the poor, marginalized, and most vulnerable,” the bishop continued. “‘For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me’ (Mt 25:35).”

Martin is currently in Rome and said yesterday that he planned to meet with Pope Leo XIV today and ask him to pray for the people of the diocese and migrants, “especially during this challenging time.”

“Please be assured that we will get through this together, if we focus our attention on the only one, Jesus Christ, who can save us all,” Martin said.

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops approved a special message on Nov. 12 at its Fall Plenary Assembly that affirmed: “We oppose the indiscriminate mass deportation of people.” More than 95% of bishops approved the message, with 216 voting in favor, just five voting against, and three abstaining.

Pope Leo XIV on Nov. 18 urged Americans to listen to the message from the nation’s bishops.

“When people are living good lives, and many of them for 10, 15, 20 years, to treat them in a way that is extremely disrespectful, to say the least — and there’s been some violence, unfortunately — I think that the bishops have been very clear in what they said,” Leo said.

How Pope Leo XIV typically spends his day off
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 15:23:00 -0500

ACI Prensa Staff, Nov 19, 2025 / 15:23 pm (CNA).

In reply to journalists’ questions last night as he left Castel Gandolfo, which he now regularly visits, Pope Leo XIV described what his typical Tuesday day off is like.

The pontiff shared that he does “a little reading, a little work. Every day there is correspondence, phone calls; there are some matters that are perhaps more important, more recent. A little tennis, a little swimming.”

A passionate tennis fan since childhood, the Holy Father in May received at the Vatican Italian tennis player Jannik Sinner, currently ranked second in the world (behind Carlos Alcaraz) and at that time was ranked first.

When asked why he needs these moments of rest, Leo XIV emphasized on Nov. 19 that “to take good care of yourself, human beings… everyone, should do some activity for the body, the soul, all together.”

“I think it does me a lot of good. So it’s a time, a break during the week that helps a lot,” he said.

The Holy Father also addressed other topics with the journalists, such as the situation in Ukraine; his possible travel destinations, which include Peru, Portugal, and Mexico; the situation of migrants in the United States and the American bishops’ call to respect them; the massacres of Christians and Muslims in Nigeria; and the abuse allegations against a Spanish bishop, who insists on his innocence.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo appoints Nigerian priest assessor for general affairs of the Secretariat of State
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 14:53:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 19, 2025 / 14:53 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV on Wednesday appointed Nigerian priest Father Anthony Onyemuche Ekpo as assessor for general affairs of the Vatican Secretariat of State.

Ekpo, 44, succeeds Father Roberto Campisi, who was appointed permanent observer of the Holy See to UNESCO in September. In his new role, he will be responsible for overseeing the activities of Catholic international organizations connected to the Vatican.

The Nigeria-born priest first began his service with the Holy See in 2016. He worked with the Vatican’s Section for General Affairs for six years between 2016 and 2023.

In 2023, Pope Francis appointed him undersecretary of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development to assist the work of its prefect Cardinal Michael Czerny.

Epko thanked his colleagues at the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development “for their friendship and shared work over these years” and prayed for ​​the grace to carry out his new role with the Secretariat of State with “joy, passion, and dedication,” Vatican News reported on Wednesday.

“My desire is to be able to collaborate with the superiors and employees of the dicastery, to advance the vision of the dicastery and the mission of the Church,” Ekpo told Vatican News.

Ordained a priest for the Diocese of Umuahia, Nigeria, in 2011, Epko continued his theological training abroad.

In 2013, he obtained a doctorate in systematic theology from the Australian Catholic University as well as a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 2021.

He is fluent in English, Italian, French, and the Nigerian language Igbo.

Earlier this month, Pope Leo appointed Nigerian priest Father Edward Daniang Daleng as vice regent of the Papal Household, the second-highest position in the Vatican office that organizes audiences with the pope.

UPDATE: Pope Leo XIV meets with his home state’s governor
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 14:23:00 -0500

CNA Newsroom, Nov 19, 2025 / 14:23 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV met with the governor of his native Illinois, JB Pritzker, on Wednesday at the Vatican. The first lady of the U.S. state known as “The Land of Lincoln,” MK Pritzker, accompanied the governor during his visit.

“It was an honor for MK and me to meet with @Pontifex — a son of Illinois — to express the pride and reverence of the people of this great state,” Pritzker, who is Jewish, said following the meeting in a social media post.

A statement from the governor’s office said: “As the first American pope, a native Illinoisan, and an advocate for the poor and less fortunate, Pope Leo XIV serves as a true inspiration to people of all faiths. His message of hope, unity, compassion, and peace resonates in his home state of Illinois and across the globe.”

Invitation to return to hometown

In an interview with NBC Chicago following his audience, Gov. Pritzker said that during the meeting he presented Pope Leo with an invitation to return to his hometown of Chicago. While the pope didn’t express a timetable for the prospective visit, Pritzker said the pope “was optimistic that he would be coming to Chicago.”

“We share a great love of the state and the city,” Pritzker said, adding that the pope “seems like he carries his heart on his sleeve and of course he carries Chicago on his sleeve, too.”

Immigration discussion

During the 40-minute meeting, which Pritzker said was arranged by Cardinal Blase Cupich of Chicago, the governor said that he and the pontiff also discussed the immigration enforcement actions that have been taking place in the city, with Pritzker saying that he expressed his gratitude for the pope’s “moral leadership on this issue.”

Pritzker offered the pope several gifts including a framed piece of art made from an incarcerated woman at Logan Correctional Facility, the book “Lincoln: The Life and Legacy that Defined a Nation” by Ian Hunt, the book “A House That Made History: The Illinois Governor’s Mansion, Legacy of an Architectural Treasure” written by Illinois First Lady MK Pritzker, and a pack of Burning Bush Breweries’ “Da Pope” American mild ale.

The Vatican itself did not release any details about what was discussed during the visit. The Democratic governor currently has before his desk the decision on whether to either sign into law or veto assisted suicide legislation that was recently approved the Illinois Legislature.

The Illinois Catholic Conference is urging Gov. Pritzker to veto the bill. In an Oct. 31 statement, the conference said that “rather than signing this bill, we ask the governor to expand and improve on palliative care programs.” Such programs, the conference maintains, “represent a compassionate and morally acceptable alternative to assisted suicide.”

This story was updated on Nov. 19, 2025, at 4:30 p.m. ET with additional details of the conversation provided by Gov. Pritzker.

Synod on Synodality reports reveal continued study on women, but not female diaconate
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 13:53:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 19, 2025 / 13:53 pm (CNA).

Reports from the Synod on Synodality published this week reveal that expert groups continue to discuss women’s participation in the Church but not the specific question of a possible female diaconate, which has been turned over to a newly-revived 2020 commission.

The reports also show that a new group on the liturgy, requested by Pope Leo XIV, is not addressing the Vatican’s controversial restrictions on the Traditional Latin Mass.

According to a report published Nov. 17, during the second session of the Synod on Synodality in October 2024, Pope Francis “reactivated the work” of a papal commission on the female diaconate first created in 2020.

“All synodal contributions related to this subject have been forwarded to that commission for its consideration,” a one-page report from a study group on Church ministries says.

The interim report on the group’s progress, published ahead of full reports, which are due at the end of the year, was signed by Father Armando Matteo, secretary of the doctrinal section of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, which is overseeing the highly-watched expert panel.

Matteo confirmed to CNA that the synod is no longer examining a possible female diaconate and the question is in the hands of the now-revived 2020 commission, whose members “respond to the Holy Father.”

In April 2020, Pope Francis created a 10-person theological commission to study the question of a female diaconate, the second commission he formed on the topic during his pontificate.

An original member of the 2020 commission, permanent deacon and seminary professor James Keating, told CNA that “the commission still exists ‘until Pope Leo discerns its dissolution.’”

The 12 synod study groups, 10 of which were formed by Pope Francis, were established to examine topics Francis took off the table for discussion at the second session of the Synod on Synodality, held in October 2024.

The committees, made up of cardinals, bishops, priests, and lay experts from both in and outside of the Vatican, have until Dec. 31 to submit the final results of their studies to Pope Leo.

The brief reports published this week give a few insights into what to expect in some of the final reports next year, should they be made public.

While not considering women deacons, the highly-watched study group on Church ministries is drafting a report on “the participation of women in the life and leadership of the Church,” including the personal accounts of women in Church leadership, theological perspectives on men’s and women’s roles, and the contributions of Pope Leo XIV and Pope Francis on the topic.

Another group, focused on Church law, is also discussing what roles women, and the laity in general, can hold in particular Church offices, including liturgical functions and in Church tribunals.

An update from an expert panel on “controversial doctrinal, pastoral, and ethical issues” said its final document will clarify the current paradigm shift in the Church following the Second Vatican Council and the “emerging synodal experience.” It will include “procedural” proposals for the paradigm shift, such as how to conduct conversation in the Spirit, and how to manage cognitive, emotional, and cultural “resistance” to the shift.

The document will also address homosexuality, which the report says it prefers to call an “emerging issue” rather than controversial.

Another potentially fraught topic being examined by the study group on ecumenical practices is intercommunion, also known as Eucharistic hospitality — the idea to allow the reception of holy Communion to people in non-Catholic Christian denominations. The topic is tied to ecumenism, the relationship between Christian churches, and is especially relevant in couples and families with members of both Catholic and non-Catholic Christian faiths.

The study group on ecumenism said its mandate includes “deepening the question of Eucharistic hospitality from theological, canonical, and pastoral perspectives.”

A new group on liturgy in synodal perspective, requested by Pope Leo, gave insight into what it says are the first questions it intends to address, which focus on how to make the liturgy more synodal and the Mass “better configured as the source and summit of the synodal missionary life of the Church.”

Other questions the group intends to study is the increased participation of all baptized Catholics in the liturgy, liturgical formation, “the role of women in the history of salvation,” the reinterpretation of liturgical preaching in a synodal perspective, and a “healthy decentralization of liturgical authority … also with a view to the inculturation of the rites.”

The report said other “relevant issues” may be added later. The study group is overseen by the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.

Victoria Cardiel, Vatican reporter for ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner, contributed to this report.

Pope Leo XIV says he hopes to visit Portugal, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, and Uruguay
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 13:23:00 -0500

ACI Prensa Staff, Nov 19, 2025 / 13:23 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV told reporters he would love to travel and that his top destinations are the Marian shrines of Fátima in Portugal and Guadalupe in Mexico. He also said he would “of course” like to return to Peru as well as visit Argentina and Uruguay.

The pope shared his hopes during an impromptu press conference as he left the papal residence at Castel Gandolfo on Tuesday evening, Nov. 18.

When asked when he would return to Peru and Latin America, the Holy Father explained that in 2025, “during the jubilee year, we’re going ahead living each day with activities, and next year we will gradually begin planning.”

“I love to travel,” Leo XIV shared, according to Vatican News. “The problem is scheduling it with all the commitments,” he added.

The Jubilee Year of Hope began on Dec. 24, 2024, and will conclude on Jan. 6, 2026, with the closing of the Holy Door.

The first — and so far only — confirmed trip of Pope Leo XIV is to Turkey and Lebanon, Nov. 27–Dec. 2 of this year.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo XIV calls for ecological conversion and support for contemplative life
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 12:53:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 19, 2025 / 12:53 pm (CNA).

At his Nov. 19 general audience, Pope Leo XIV urged Catholics to “connect faith with reality,” saying that the death and resurrection of Christ form the foundation of an integral ecology and the Christian call to care for creation.

“The death and resurrection of Jesus, therefore, are the foundation of a spirituality of integral ecology, without which the words of faith remain unconnected to reality and the words of science remain outside the heart,” he said.

Continuing his catechesis series on the Resurrection and the challenges of the contemporary world, the pope rooted his reflection in the Gospel of John, which recounts that Mary Magdalene did not immediately recognize the risen Christ at the empty tomb, mistaking him for the gardener. That detail, he said, highlights the continuous “turning” of conversion.

“The fact that Mary turned that Easter morning is a sign of this: Only through conversion upon conversion do we pass from this valley of tears to the new Jerusalem,” he said.

Cultivating and caring for the garden, the pope added, is the original task brought to fulfillment by Jesus. “His last word on the cross — ‘It is finished’ — invites each one to rediscover that same task, our task.” If the human person is not a caretaker of the garden, he warned, “he becomes its destroyer,” citing Laudato Si’ on the need for a contemplative gaze upon creation.

The pope said Christian hope responds to the ecological and social challenges facing humanity, recognizing the Crucified One as the seed “placed in the garden” to rise and bear abundant fruit. Many people today, he observed, including young people, “have heard the cry of the poor and of the earth, allowing their hearts to be touched.”

“These challenges cannot be faced alone,” he said, adding that tears “are a gift of life when they purify our eyes and free our sight. Paradise is not lost, but found.”

Appeal for the ‘survival and continuity’ of contemplative life

During the same audience, Pope Leo issued a strong appeal for concrete Church-wide support for communities of contemplative life, calling their mission “silent, fruitful, and irreplaceable.”

He recalled that on Nov. 21, the memorial of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Italy will celebrate “Pro Orantibus” Day dedicated to those who consecrate their lives to prayer.

He urged Catholics not to let contemplative men and women lack “the concrete solidarity and effective help of the ecclesial community to ensure the survival and continuity of their silent, fruitful, and irreplaceable apostolate.”

Prayers for fishermen and a look ahead to 2026

The pope also noted that World Fisheries Day will be celebrated Friday, entrusting all who work at sea to Mary: “May Mary, Star of the Sea, protect fishermen and their families.”

Looking to the future, he highlighted a Vatican event for children scheduled for Sept. 25–27, 2026, saying he looks forward to “the joy of meeting them.”

As he concluded the audience, the pope greeted young people, the sick, and newlyweds. He reminded the faithful that the Church will celebrate the solemnity of Christ the King this Sunday, urging newly married couples to place Christ “at the center of your matrimonial journey.”

This story was first published in two parts by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Maine court to rule if mother can take daughter to church over father’s objections
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 12:23:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 19, 2025 / 12:23 pm (CNA).

The Maine State Supreme Court is considering whether to give a mother the right to take her daughter to church amid a dispute between the mother and her daughter’s father.

Liberty Counsel, an Orlando, Florida-based legal group, said in a press release that the Portland District Court ruled it was “psychologically unsafe” for Emily Bickford to take her 12-year-old daughter to a Christian church called Calvary Chapel in the Portland area.

The girl’s father, Matthew Bradeen, had objected to his daughter’s being taken to the institution; in a broad order, the state district court had awarded him “the right to make final decisions regarding [the daughter’s] participation in other churches and religious organizations” as well.

The ruling “completely stripped” Bickford of the right to make decisions over her daughter’s religious upbringing, Liberty Counsel said in a filing with the state Supreme Court.

Bradeen is “demonstrably and openly hostile” to his daughter receiving instruction about the Bible, the filing said, and has evinced “wholesale objections to the Old Testament and the New Testament.”

Precedent elsewhere, the filing said, holds that the “religious beliefs of one parent cannot be the basis for preferring one parent over the other” in custody disputes.

News Center Maine reported that Bradeen was reportedly moved to seek the custody order when his daughter “started having severe panic attacks and [exhibiting] alarming psychological signs” after she began attending the church, including allegedly “leaving notes around the house that said ‘the rapture is coming.’”

Attorney Michelle King argued that precedent says courts “don’t have to wait for it to be so severe that a child suffers irreparable emotional harm” before issuing a custody order in such disputes.

Liberty Counsel, meanwhile, asked the state Supreme Court to reverse the lower court’s order.

The district court decision is “a direct infringement on [Bickford’s] right to direct the religious upbringing of her child,” the group said.

Mat Staver, the founder and chairman of Liberty Counsel, said the court order violates the First Amendment.

“The breadth of this court order is breathtaking because it even prohibits contact with the Bible, religious literature, or religious philosophy,” he alleged in the group’s press release. “The custody order cannot prohibit Bickford from taking her daughter to church. The implications of this order pose a serious threat to religious freedom.”

Bickford, meanwhile, told reporters after the state Supreme Court ruling that the dispute “affects not only our family but the families of all Christian children.”

Virgin Mary doesn’t have ‘the role of holding back God’s wrath,’ Vatican expert says
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 11:15:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 19, 2025 / 11:15 am (CNA).

Following the reaction to the new Vatican document Mater Populi Fidelis (“Mother of the Faithful People”), Father Maurizio Gronchi, a Christology expert and consultant to the Vatican Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, warned that considering the Virgin Mary as “Co-Redemptrix” or “Mediatrix” distorts the Christian faith and leads to a superstitious view.

“It is superstition to think that the Virgin Mary has the role of holding back God’s wrath. Whoever thinks this way is not in accordance with the Gospel,” Gronchi told ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner.

The expert spoke about the new document this week alongside Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.

In the text, the Vatican urges the faithful against using the titles “Co-Redemptrix” and “Mediatrix” to refer to the Virgin Mary.

“To think that Mary has to mediate and convince God to be merciful undermines the Trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit,” he explained.

The document has raised questions in some sectors of the Church, although it is not the first time the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith has ruled out proclaiming this as dogma.

According to the Vatican doctrinal note also signed by Pope Leo XIV, St. John Paul II asked the then-prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, in 1996 to study whether it could be considered a truth of faith that the Virgin Mary is “co-redemptrix” and “mediatrix.”

“He asked Ratzinger for clarification on the matter. He had used this term from a spiritual and devotional perspective,” Gronchi explained.

But as soon as “Ratzinger said it was inappropriate, John Paul II never used it again,” Gronchi added. John Paul II did not use it in his 1987 encyclical Redemptoris Mater (“Mother of the Redeemer”), which deals precisely with the Virgin Mary and her role in the life of the Church and in the history of salvation.

Neither Pius XII, St. John XXIII, nor St. Paul VI ever used that expression, nor did the Second Vatican Council, said Gronchi, who noted that currently “it does not seem that new truths [about Mary] ought to be affirmed.”

According to the priest and academic, the Catholic Church has already dedicated all possible attention to the figure of the Virgin and the latest proclaimed dogmas are about her: the dogma of the Divine Motherhood, which affirms that Mary is the Mother of God (Theotokos) in 431; the dogma of the Perpetual Virginity in 649; the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854; and the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in 1950.

Lack of support from Mariologists?

The drafting of the new document had a striking feature, according to Gronchi, who explained that the work of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith has historically been “collegial.” For each topic studied, this Vatican department draws on the input of internal consultants and external experts, among other sources.

However, in the case of this doctrinal note on certain Marian titles, “no collaborating Mariologists could be found,” according to Gronchi.

The priest pointed out that neither those who teach at the Marianum Theological Faculty nor the members of the Pontifical International Marian Academy (PAMI by its Italian acronym) participated in the presentation of the document at the Jesuit Curia (administrative center), which in his opinion can be interpreted as a “silence” that “can be understood as dissent.”

The Christology expert said PAMI has a history of active participation in discussions regarding potential dogmatic definitions. He cited as an example the XII International Mariological Congress in Czestochowa in 1996, which emphasized that it was inappropriate to proceed with defining Mary as “mediatrix,” “co-redemptrix,” or “advocate.”

ACI Prensa reached out to PAMI, but it declined to comment.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Philippine bishops urge military not to destabilize the Marcos government
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 10:30:00 -0500

Manila, Philippines, Nov 19, 2025 / 10:30 am (CNA).

Catholic bishops urged the Philippine military to refrain from any destabilizing efforts against President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. amid alleged flood control controversy involving government officials and others.

On Nov. 14, former congressman Elizaldy “Zaldy” Co accused Marcos and his cousin and former House Speaker Martin Romualdez of alleged involvement in the insertion of 100 billion pesos ($1.69 billion) in the 2025 national budget.

The presidential palace denied Co’s charges and said that Co must return to the Philippines from the United States and “sign everything he said under oath with the proper judicial authorities.”

Meanwhile, some former military officials, groups, and political parties have called for the resignation of Marcos.

In the aftermath of Co’s alleged revelations and calls for Marcos’ resignation from others, Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David, president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), said Co should return to the Philippines and appear before the court to clarify his allegation with evidence.

“We likewise caution against the political exploitation of these allegations, especially when released at sensitive moments that may inflame public sentiment or be used to influence political outcomes. The Filipino people deserve clarity, not conjecture; truth, not rumor; and accountability, not manipulation,” the cardinal said.

He also appealed to all to trust in the institutions tasked with safeguarding democracy.

On Nov. 15, Cardinal Jose Advincula, archbishop of Manila, called on the military “to stay faithful to your oath to the flag and our country” in a statement.

“In moments of mass gatherings and public discourse, we do not let emotion prevail over reason. We must always adhere to the rule of law and resist any calls for extra-constitutional means to solve our problems. Our loyalty must be to our country and its democratic principles, not to individuals, and certainly not to other self-serving motivations,” Advincula said.

“I urge all public servants, especially military and police, to honor their oath to the flag and our country, not to any one person. Your fidelity to the constitution is vital for the stability and integrity of our republic,” he said.

According to Advincula, the Philippines’ present challenges “demand not just pragmatic solutions but a profound spiritual response. I plead with everyone to examine our consciences, reform our lives, and live according to God’s will.”

Bishop Elias Ayuban Jr. of Cubao also rejected the idea of destabilizing the Marcos government.

He delivered a letter of support to Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of Staff Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr. at Camp Aguinaldo on Nov. 14.

“We stand firmly with you in the defense of our democratic institutions and the Filipino people, especially in these challenging times for our nation. We value your steadfast commitment to preserving peace, order, and national unity in accordance with the principles of justice and democracy,” Ayuban said.

Archbishop Socrates Villegas of Lingayen-Dagupan, former CBCP president, said the country aspires to justice and does not need quick resolutions.

“We are bound by our Christian duty to respect the law and the established processes, even when they seem slow or flawed,” Villegas said on Nov. 16.

“Furthermore, we must stand firmly against the specter of military adventurism or any form of violence as a means to short-circuit the path to true justice. The Church teaches that peace is the fruit of justice and dialogue, not the result of unchecked ambition or force,” he added.

On Nov. 18, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) said it will continue to support Marcos.

“We do not engage in political disputes or allegations. These matters should be resolved through appropriate legal and institutional mechanisms and not public confrontation,” AFP acting spokesperson Rear Adm. Roy Vincent Trinidad said at a press briefing.

Trinidad said the AFP continues to remain professional, disciplined, and nonpartisan, especially amid calls by some groups for the military to withdraw support for Marcos.

“The AFP remains a professional, disciplined, and nonpartisan institution committed to upholding the constitution, constitutional processes, and safeguarding the nation’s peace and security,” Trinidad said.

Peace plan inspired by Catholic EU founder proposed at European Parliament debate
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 09:45:00 -0500

EWTN News, Nov 19, 2025 / 09:45 am (CNA).

A Vatican-based foundation has proposed a new peace initiative inspired by Venerable Robert Schuman, one of the European Union’s founding fathers, during a debate at the European Parliament.

The Clementy Schuman Legacy Foundation presented what it calls “Schuman Plan 2.0” — a blueprint for peace through economic cooperation and shared resources — at a Nov. 11 debate hosted by the European People’s Party Group, the largest political group in the European Parliament.

The proposal draws on the French politician and Catholic’s historic declaration of May 9, 1950, which stated: “Europe will be made through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.” That declaration laid the foundation for what would, many years later, become the European Union.

German member of the European Parliament Niels Geuking, a member of the European People’s Party and the Family Party, organized the debate. He told CNA that Europe has reached a point where it needs to “re-strengthen its political and social foundations, just as Robert Schuman did after the Second World War.”

Geuking said he expects serious debate on Europe’s strategic realignment “with a focus on cohesion, shared values, and solidarity among the member states,” as well as concrete initiatives that put family, the common good, and responsible economic order back at the center of EU policy.

Pierre Louvrier, chairman of the foundation’s advisory board, presented the proposal to the European Parliament on behalf of the foundation’s board.

“We believe that the same principles that reconciled former enemies in 1945 can reconcile nations today,” Louvrier said. “When people work together to share energy, technology, and natural resources, war becomes redundant. That was Schuman’s genius — and it is the path Europe must rediscover if it wants to lead toward lasting peace.”

According to a white paper provided to CNA, the proposal outlines a broader “partnership for peace, prosperity, and security” between the United States and Europe as well as Russia and Ukraine. The document proposes extending Schuman’s founding model of shared resources to the entire Northern Hemisphere as a way to restore strength through shared prosperity and rebuild trust after years of geopolitical division.

The proposal states that sharing resources will broaden common responsibility for peace across the Northern Hemisphere. Each nation would retain its sovereignty, following the Catholic principle of subsidiarity, so that cooperation strengthens local freedom and cultural identity.

The foundation has operated from the Vatican, hosting high-level roundtables and dialogues — including one on Oct. 18 that participants said included high-level EU, U.S., Swiss, Russian, and Ukrainian nationals.

The foundation’s leadership includes Monsignor Bernard Ardura, postulator of the beatification cause of Venerable Robert Schuman and former president of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences. His presence underscores the initiative’s roots in Schuman’s Christian-democratic heritage and the Church’s understanding of Europe’s vocation.

The board also includes Henri Malosse, former president of the European Economic and Social Committee.

Speaking to CNA, Malosse said Europe’s deepest crisis today is not economic but moral.

“Today’s Europe first of all lacks humanity,” Malosse said. “Egoism is no longer only a personal attitude — it has become the attitude of nations. When one member suffers, others close their eyes and ears.”

Malosse said it is time for the European Union to embrace renewed solidarity. “We need projects that build social harmony — not social dumping — and real support for families, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The EU has become only about money and the economy. What we need is a union of culture, health, and care. Solidarity must once again become the soul of Europe.”

Louvrier told CNA that the Schuman Plan 2.0 aims to respond to that need.

“The Schuman Plan 2.0 is a practical path for Europe to assume its responsibility for peace, unity, and prosperity across the entire Northern Hemisphere,” he said. “What we are doing is simply carrying forward the legacy of Venerable Robert Schuman — a legacy of moral clarity and political courage.”

Robert Schuman, French foreign minister after World War II, was declared venerable by Pope Francis in June 2021, recognizing his heroic virtue. His 1950 proposal to pool French and German coal and steel production led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, the precursor to the European Union.

Abuse of consecrated women: ‘The first words should be: I believe you, you are not alone’
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 09:00:00 -0500

Vatican City, Nov 19, 2025 / 09:00 am (CNA).

The challenge of addressing abuse within consecrated life — in all its dimensions: sexual, power, conscience, and also economic — was the focus of an international meeting organized by the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors held at the Maffei Marescotti Palace in Rome.

Under the theme “Building Communities that Safeguard Dignity,” representatives of religious institutes from some 20 countries are gathering Nov. 17–19 to share experiences, examine structural shortcomings, and work on the preparation of the third annual report, which will involve 40 communities.

The commission’s president, Archbishop Thibault Verny, thanked the nearly 60 participants from various countries for their presence and emphasized that preventing abuse “is not a local task but a universal commitment of the Church.”

The third report on abuse, the archbishop clarified, “is not intended to add a burden” but rather to be “an opportunity” to promote “attention to the most vulnerable members” and strengthen “the quality of formation.” This journey “cannot be traveled alone,” Verny pointed out.

‘I believe you, you are not alone’

One of the most significant moments was the intervention of Sister Véronique Margron, president of the Conference of Religious Men and Women of France, who clearly outlined the initial steps for supporting a consecrated woman who reports abuse.

Her first recommendation was direct and unequivocal: “The first words must be: I believe you, you are not alone, I will help you and do everything necessary,” she stated, according to Vatican News.

“We must speak honestly; otherwise, it’s impossible to build dialogue and trust,” she added.

For the religious, reparations are a broad process that cannot be reduced to a mere procedure: They demand justice, support, and the genuine involvement of those who suffered violence. She therefore pointed out that the second step is “to work toward all forms of justice,” involving the victims at every stage, without “minimizing” the cases or diminishing responsibilities.

Structures, failures, and silence

The meeting addressed head-on the panorama of abuse within religious life, including its less visible forms. In convents and monasteries, there have been not only cases of a sexual nature but also abuses of power and conscience, practices that can give rise to “conflicts, asymmetries in power, marginalization, and unbalanced relationships,” as Verny noted in his address.

Providing an analysis, Claretian Father Krzysztof Gierat, head of the office of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life, emphasized that “every measure taken for protection comes with a face, with a story that demands listening, truth, and care,” clarifying that “protection cannot be treated as an added technical element; it’s not a protocol appended to consecrated life.”

Gierat listed structural factors that foster abuse even in communities with seemingly exemplary regulations, such as the absence of a “healthy system” of relationships. A community, he noted, may have “impeccable protocols” but then ambiguous authorities, “informal” hierarchies based on geographic origin, aggressivity, unhealthy relationships, missed warning signs, and ignored conflicts emerge. “Even without malicious intent, all of this becomes fertile ground for abuse,” he warned.

“Protection begins with the quality of the environment we breathe,” the priest emphasized.

Impact of the digital world

Gierat also addressed a particularly sensitive topic: the impact of the digital world. Consecrated life, he reminded everyone, can no longer be considered exempt from social media, chat rooms, or online exposure. The risks are numerous: public image, privacy, and digital grooming. “Protection isn’t just a matter of convent corridors but also of virtual spaces,” he pointed out.

And he pointed to a key aspect: the need for “comprehensive, spiritual, and psychological formation” for religious superiors. “A transparent, evangelical, and service-oriented authority is the first line of defense,” he said.

“Many abuses stem from authorities left to themselves and not adequately trained. And all abuse stems from a lack of communal discernment,” he added.

The meeting made it clear that the issue of abuse is not confined to church walls. For Stefano Mattei, policy director of Tutela Minorum (“Protection of Minors”), the goal is also to “drive change” in society: “It’s about putting the weight of the Church at the service of cultural change to protect children and the vulnerable,” he explained.

This commitment, he said, is possible thanks to the Church’s widespread presence, wealth of charisms, and its integration into very diverse contexts.

The discussions were complemented by international experiences. From Germany, Franciscan Andreas Murk, provincial of the order, presented particularly revealing figures: According to a 2019 survey, 1,412 people contacted the Conference of Superiors to declare: “I have been abused.”

Murk also detailed the work of the Independent Commission for Recognition, which manages compensation for victims of clerical abuse, with compensation of up to 20,000 euros ($23,160).

When asked about the risk of false accusations, he responded emphatically: “For decades, victims were ignored; now we must focus on them.”

In his province, he explained, “one or two accusations turned out to be unfounded; 40 others were not, and of those, only five asked for money. Not everyone comes for money; they just want recognition.”

However, he warned, even today “some communities refuse to confront the issue of abuse; they still lack the necessary sensitivity. Our duty is to be active in this area, even if it makes [people] uncomfortable.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Vatican says sainthood cause for American mom of 7 can move forward
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 08:00:00 -0500

National Catholic Register, Nov 19, 2025 / 08:00 am (CNA).

To kids in the neighborhood east of Interstate 290 in Worcester, Massachusetts, Ruth Pakaluk was the mom who baked brownies and blondies for everyone after school and whose home was the starting point for games and fun.

“She was like the ‘block mom,’” her husband, Michael Pakaluk, an author and professor at the Busch School of Business at The Catholic University of America, told the National Catholic Register, CNA’s sister news partner.

To the Vatican’s Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, Ruth Pakaluk’s life merits further investigation to see whether someday the Church should declare her a saint.

The pro-life activist, Catholic convert, mother of seven, and Harvard graduate died of breast cancer in 1998 at 41. Now, the Diocese of Worcester, where she was living at the time of her death, has the approval of the Vatican’s saints’ dicastery to undertake a formal inquiry into her life, the next step along the path to a possible canonization.

Cardinal Marcello Semeraro, prefect of the dicastery, referred to Pakaluk as a “servant of God” in a letter to the diocese dated Sept. 29 authorizing the inquiry.

The dicastery’s “nihil obstat” (“nothing stands in the way”) means that supporters of her cause have established her “reputation for sanctity” and “the importance of the cause for the Church,” as set forth in the 1983 Vatican document Normae Servandae In Inquisitionibus Ab Episcopis Faciendis In Causis Sanctorum.

Canonization, in which the Church solemnly declares that a person is in heaven, is likely a long way off, if it happens, and would eventually require two miracles attributed to her intercession. The next step is for the U.S. bishops to vote on her cause. If they approve it, the formal diocesan inquiry can begin.

From atheist to Catholic

Ruth Van Kooy was born on March 19, 1957, in northern New Jersey and grew up there, mostly in Norwood, near the New York state line. Half Dutch, half Scottish, she attended a Presbyterian church as a child.

She went to Northern Valley Regional High School in Old Tappan, where she was, according to a website about her life, a straight-A student who played the oboe, violin, and bass drum. She also played field hockey, sang in regional choirs, and “and produced, directed, and acted in numerous plays and musicals,” the website says. She graduated in 1975.

She was an atheist (“or near to it,” her husband writes) and an enthusiastic supporter of legal abortion when she met Michael Pakaluk, a fellow sophomore at Harvard College, during the fall of 1976. He had been raised in a nominally Catholic home but also considered himself a nonbeliever.

Even so, both were committed to pursuing the truth, which led them eventually to Christianity.

They married the summer after their junior year, at a Presbyterian church. But by their last semester at Harvard, they had begun attending Mass at a Catholic church. Ruth entered the Church on Christmas Eve in 1980, while Michael went to confession and took up life as a Catholic again. A few years later, both became supernumeraries of Opus Dei.

In 1982, while Michael was studying for a doctorate in philosophy at Harvard, Ruth — by then a young mom with a baby boy — helped start a pro-life group at Harvard. She joined the board of directors of Massachusetts Citizens for Life in 1984, and she eventually served as its president from 1987 to 1991.

Admirers remember her as an effective debater on college campuses, giving what Boston College philosophy professor and Catholic apologist Peter Kreeft called, in his introduction to a 2011 book of her letters that her husband edited called “The Appalling Strangeness of the Mercy of God,” “the most persuasive, irresistible, and winsome pro-life talks I have ever heard.”

During the early 1990s, Ruth organized opposition to a Planned Parenthood sex-education curriculum proposed for Worcester public schools, which helped persuade the Worcester School Committee, the locally elected board that oversees the school district, to reject the curriculum. In 1993, a year after the committee vote, she also recruited a like-minded mom to run for a school committee and managed her successful campaign.

Dwight Duncan, a friend of the family who is the postulator of her cause, responsible for conducting what the Vatican calls “thorough investigations” into her life, said Ruth rarely put herself forward.

“One of the things about Ruth that strikes me in retrospect is that she was kind of low-key. She wasn’t assertive in personal dealings. She wasn’t showy or aggressive. She wasn’t flashy,” Duncan said. “But if she was front and center, like a debate or a speech or something, she was a strong, powerful woman.”

40-year-old carpets

In 1988, the couple and their then-four children moved from Cambridge to Worcester, about 45 miles to the west, where Michael had gotten a job teaching at Clark University. They lived “in a poor neighborhood in a home with 40-year-old carpets and no hot running water,” as Michael describes it in an online timeline of Ruth’s life.

Max Pakaluk, her second child, now 42, told the Register that his family’s house was a magnet for children in the neighborhood, many of them living in single-mother homes, who were drawn by the baked goods Ruth made and liberally distributed.

Michael Pakaluk said Ruth was disturbed by the learning gap she saw developing between her own children, who read often, and the neighborhood children, who didn’t, so she required kids who visited the home to read a book before they could go outside.

In summertime, she’d cram 10 or so kids into an Oldsmobile station wagon for the less-than-a-mile trip to Bell Pond in Worcester, where the kids would play, Max recalled.

Grace Cheffers, a friend who met Ruth at a pro-life parish event during the early 1990s, said Ruth was approachable and friendly but also creative in figuring out ways young moms and their families could meet.

Ruth organized gatherings of mothers and children at Notre Dame Cemetery in Worcester, where the families would say the rosary and the kids would run around while the moms went on walks and talked.

Cheffers recalled that the prevailing culture at the time suggested that women should be out working and having a career rather than just being a stay-at-home mom, but Ruth dismissed such ideas.

“Even though she was very well-educated and highly intelligent, she found joy in staying at home and taking care of her kids. And she was very unapologetic about it,” Cheffers said.

Cheffers, who has 11 children, said she learned parenting tips from Ruth.

“She was never scandalized by anything her children did. She was clear-eyed about the human condition,” Cheffers said. “Kids can do all sorts of things, and it doesn’t help to act shocked and upset. That just makes it worse for them.”

Cheffers said she also learned from Ruth how to articulate better why she did what she did.

“She was a deep thinker. She chose her words carefully. She was a natural teacher. She had great formation, and she really knew her faith,” Cheffers said.

One example: When Cheffers once asked Ruth why she went to daily Mass, Ruth immediately offered two reasons: one personal, related to the crib death of her infant son Thomas in November 1989, and one universal.

“She told me that going to Mass and receiving daily Communion was the closest she could be to Thomas while she was still on this earth,” Cheffers said.

The second reason: “She said that the two most important events in human history — the Incarnation and redemption — occur at every Mass. Why would you want to be anywhere else?”

Ruth often went to the 12:10 p.m. daily Mass at the Cathedral of St. Paul, after which she would stay up to an hour praying, said Bishop Richard Reidy, who now leads the Diocese of Norwich, Connecticut, but at the time was rector of the Worcester cathedral and the Pakaluk family’s pastor.

Ruth served as director of religious education for the cathedral parish. While Catholic religious education at the time was notoriously light on substance, Ruth made sure the kids learned doctrine, and she made it fun. She developed what she called “Quiz Game,” a parish-wide competition for kids in the program that eventually drew students from outside the parish.

“She ran a dynamic program, emphasizing the substance of the faith and the joy of living it,” Reidy said.

She led parish trips on the cheap for up to 30 kids to New York City and New Hampshire, among other places, combining culture, hiking, and religion.

Max Pakaluk described his mother as “someone who wanted to do things.”

“She didn’t have a lot of tolerance for laziness. I don’t think she understood laziness. We’re all here for so much time. There’s so many good things you could be doing. Why would you be wasting time?” Max said. “She was always trying to get people to do things.”

No complaints

Admirers of Ruth say that while many of her pursuits might seem ordinary — wife, mother, volunteer — she lived them in an extraordinary way.

Saints not killed for the faith as martyrs are those who “give outstanding testimony to the kingdom of heaven … by the heroic practice of virtues,” according to St. John Paul II’s apostolic constitution Divinus Perfectionis Magister.

So what were Ruth Pakaluk’s virtues?

Friends and family describe, among other things, an intense prayer life, trust in God through difficulties, interest in the welfare of others, gratitude, and a refusal to complain about her troubles.

In October 1991, Ruth was diagnosed with breast cancer, which eventually spread to other parts of her body. She lived with it about seven more years.

But her son Max said he doesn’t remember life changing much until his mother became bedridden not long before she died.

“Mostly I think she tried not to make a big deal about it. She just tried to act like there was nothing wrong,” Max said.

Along with her kids, she climbed Mount Washington, the steep, 6,000-foot-plus highest peak in New England notorious for its sudden weather changes, with a metal rod in her leg.

“But almost as remarkable as that, about two months before she died, she climbed down Mount Washington,” Michael Pakaluk said by text. “She took the shuttle up, but she climbed down via the Lion Head Trail. This is a very rugged, difficult trail. When I climbed it two years ago, I was scratching my head and wondering how she ever did it.”

She continued making trips with the family to the March for Life in Washington, D.C., in January, including one in 1998, the year she died, not long after a round of chemotherapy.

Fran Hogan, now 79, a commercial real estate lawyer and former president of Massachusetts Citizens for Life, walked with Ruth during the march that year. Hogan, who was carrying a heavy pocketbook, didn’t know about Ruth’s debilitating treatment.

“It was over my left shoulder. And I complained bitterly about how heavy that pocketbook was,” Hogan said. “Ruth just laughed. She never complained. Never said a word.”

“And we got to the Supreme Court building and she collapsed.”

Ruth was hospitalized.

People who knew her say Ruth accepted her suffering without questioning it.

“When she knew she had terminal cancer, it’s amazing how calmly they took all of that, and I guess that’s the faith behind it,” said her mother-in-law, Valerie Pakaluk, 92, who is planning to serve as secretary-treasurer of the nonprofit foundation that will direct Ruth’s cause of canonization.

“I think there’s no question that the way she handled her illness was extremely heroic,” her son Max said.

Her attitude, Max said, can be summed up this way: “I am not going to give any indications that I’m sick. I am not going to be the center of attention here. I am not going to be causing difficulties here. Most of all, I am not going to be the reason my kids don’t have a normal life.”

She was unsentimental about her status, realizing that with six children, the youngest of whom was 5 years old, her husband would soon need help.

About a month before she died — on Sept. 23, 1998 — Ruth encouraged her husband Michael to remarry after she departed, and she even focused on a likely candidate — “calmly suggesting,” as The Catholic Free Press of the Diocese of Worcester put it in May 2019, that Harvard graduate student Catherine Hardy, whose parents were family friends — and whose middle name is Ruth — “might be the one to raise her children.”

Here’s how Michael describes it: “She took a deep breath and said, ‘I have for a long time thought that Catherine Hardy would make a good wife for you, and now I see that she has moved to Cambridge.’”

Catherine Pakaluk, as she is now known, married Michael in August 1999. She is an economist and associate professor at The Catholic University of America, where Michael, 67, is a full professor of political economy. Catherine and Michael, an occasional contributor to the Register, now have eight children of their own.

Michael and Ruth currently have 32 grandchildren.

A saint?

So was Ruth Pakaluk a saint?

Supporters of her cause who spoke to the Register were careful to say that they don’t want to declare her one before the Church decides through its formal process.

But they drop hints.

At her wake, her husband took a box of funeral prayer cards for Ruth and touched them to her body — which, in the event she is canonized, would make the prayer cards third-class relics.

“I always had this conviction — it’s strange — that she would be a canonized saint,” Michael Pakaluk, who said he is cooperating with Ruth’s cause but purposely not directing it, told the Register. “Obviously you can’t presume the judgment of the Church.”

Reidy also stopped short of calling her a saint without denying that she might be.

“I’m very delighted at the recent steps that have gone on, and we trust in Holy Mother Church,” Reidy said. “But she’s a great example, somebody to be held up.”

“If Ruth Pakaluk isn’t in heaven,” he said, “I am a little discouraged for the prospects of the likes of me.”

Twenty-seven years after Ruth’s funeral Mass, which Reidy celebrated before about 1,000 people, he recited from memory during a recent interview with the Register his description of her during his sermon: “To give life and to defend it. To have faith and to spread it. To be gifted, and to freely give of those gifts.”

This story was first published by the National Catholic Register, CNA’s sister news partner, and has been adapted by CNA.

Teen anticipates speaking to Pope Leo XIV at upcoming National Catholic Youth Conference
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 07:00:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 19, 2025 / 07:00 am (CNA).

Mia Smothers said she is looking forward to the “opportunity of a lifetime” as she prepares to speak with Pope Leo XIV during a digital encounter at the upcoming National Catholic Youth Conference (NCYC).

The Holy Father will hold a 45-minute digital encounter with young people from across the United States during the Nov. 20–22 conference hosted by the National Federation for Catholic Youth Ministry (NFCYM) in Indianapolis.

More than 40 teens have participated in the dialogue planning process, and five of them will get the chance to speak directly with the Holy Father. Smothers, a high school freshman from Joppa, Maryland, is the youngest teen selected to speak with the pontiff.

“I’m feeling excited,” Smothers said in a Nov. 18 interview with “EWTN News Nightly.” She added: “This is a very good opportunity for me to learn more about my faith and others around me.”

This year marks the first time Smothers will attend NCYC. She said she is looking forward to the opportunity for adoration at the conference, because she heard it “is a very powerful experience.”

Smothers said she thinks the young attendees of NCYC want to get a better understanding of how the Church wants them to act in the faith, how they can be more helpful, and how they can be more hands-on in the Church.

The NCYC team and the students who will speak with the Holy Father have been preparing and practicing in anticipation for the encounter to get a better idea of how they can establish themselves in the Church.

“We have been meeting up on Zoom and doing follow-up questions — practicing what the pope might tell us and to figure out how we could answer and how we could switch the conversation to something that we want to ask,” Smothers said.

As a teenager in the Church, Smothers is concerned about how people are supposed to find their vocations in life. She said: “I really want to ask him how he found out he wanted to become a priest and then how he felt about becoming pope.”

“This is an opportunity of a lifetime and something that you’ve never heard of and never … seen before,” Smothers said. “I plan to tell all of my siblings, all of my friends, and everyone at my school … to be involved and see what the pope wants for us.”

The Vatican choosing to set up this dialogue with the youth at the conference is “making a difference,” Smothers said. She said the Vatican and the pope are starting something that will be passed on to the following generations.

It is impactful that the pope himself is going to be “talking with young kids and trying to make a difference in their lives,” Smothers said.

Burials for little ones: How a New Orleans ministry helps families grieve
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CNA Staff, Nov 19, 2025 / 06:00 am (CNA).

Sandy Schaetz still mourns the baby she never met.

“It was terrifying and traumatic,” she said of her miscarriage. “I was consoled after by the prayers of a deacon, but never named the baby or knew if it was a boy or girl.”

“It was not something I understood at the time and I only wish I had known more of what was happening,” she told CNA.

Now, Schaetz volunteers with Compassionate Burials for Indigent Babies (CBIB), an organization that buries babies who died, whether stillborn, miscarried, or aborted.

The group organizes everything for the funerals, which are held at a crypt at St. Patrick’s Cemetery in New Orleans.

A shoebox-sized casket lined with donated white fabric, usually from wedding dresses, is processed through the cemetery, with Knights of Columbus present as the honor guard. A volunteer musician plays at every funeral; a Catholic deacon presides at almost every burial.

When Schaetz attended her first burial service as a volunteer, it hit her to the core.

“I find it difficult to put into words how it affected me,” Schaetz said. “All God needed me to do that day was to be present, to pray, to honor the life he had created.”

“It opened my eyes to how each life is such a gift, and when that life ends how important it is to show respect and pray for the soul and bury the dead with love,” Schaetz said.

Death and resurrection

Women who lose children through miscarriage often suffer silently, according to Lise Naccari, the founder of CBIB.

“Losing a child is hard. Often women suffer in silence the pain of infant loss and ride that sad emotional roller coaster ride alone,” Naccari told CNA.

One in four pregnancies ends in miscarriage — a devastating statistic for many couples.

Naccari herself experienced a miscarriage as well as several challenging pregnancies.

“I feel a special connection with poor mothers who have lost a child. My heart goes out to them,” Naccari said.

Naccari buries the babies who were wanted and loved, but also the babies who were thrown out or mistreated.

“CBIB has buried babies as big as a blueberry and up to 2 years old,” Naccari said. “We buried babies stillborn, miscarried, abandoned, unclaimed, aborted, murdered, and thrown away in the trash — and every situation possible.”

“Many babies were mistreated, abused, and tossed out … these are heartbreaking funerals to go to,” Naccari said.

“Babies are left sometimes because some families can not afford funerals for them but would like one,” Naccari said. “Also, many parents are young, and the grief can be overwhelming and they cannot navigate through funeral arrangements.”

Her life’s work is to bury the dead — and she looks to the Resurrection.

“I consider what I do holy,” Naccari said. “I feel like this is my vocation and I know God orchestrated all of this. I give all honor and glory to him, our loving Father.”

“What I do is not about sorrow and death,” Naccari continued. “What I do is really about joy and life — eternal life.”

It’s not an easy job, and Naccari looks to God for strength.

“Lord, I don’t want to do this anymore. It hurts my heart too much,” Naccari remembered praying as she prepared one baby for burial — a baby girl who had been abandoned and tossed out after she was born.

“I felt a still small voice within me say, ‘Lise, don’t think about their bodies, focus on the Resurrection,’” Naccari recalled.

“The sunlight from the stained-glass windows was shining down a warm yellow color on my face, as I looked up in it and I thought, yes, this is what I needed to hear to keep going — focus on the Resurrection,” she continued.

A resource for women in need

Sheena Lewis was in jail when her son, still a baby, passed away. She couldn’t attend the funeral, but Naccari organized the burial for her.

Lewis, now sober and out of jail, visits her son’s crypt often.

“I have solace in the fact he was laid to rest in a beautiful manner when I couldn’t be there for him or myself at the time,” Lewis told CNA.

Many young mothers CBIB helps are often “steeped in poverty” and have no support system. They are often “low income, uneducated, coming from sometimes addiction or problem homes,” Naccari said.

“Often I find at these funerals that the young mothers are alone or they may come with children or other women — but there are no men to help support them,” Naccari said.

“My heart is broken for them, for they are not only battling their poverty, they also have to deal with losing a child,” she said.

A moment to mourn

Funerals help families process their grief — a grief that’s often hidden away due to the nature of miscarriages.

Deacon Ricky Suprean preaches at almost every graveside burial — but after a couple years of volunteering, he realized God had called him to this so he could find healing.

Suprean and his wife, Lynn, experienced two miscarriages.

Suprean struggled to process it at the time, but through his volunteering, he’s found some healing. He still remembers the first CBIB funeral he presided at.

“I felt the power of life that day,” he told CNA. “It was cold. I had no idea I would kneel in front of each little coffin and pray for each child and each family with my hand touching each coffin.”

Volunteers hugged each family member, he recalled.

“God has allowed me to give a proper burial to my own two lost children through CBIB time and time again,” Suprean said.

“God created these children in my wife’s womb, and they will be waiting for us in heaven,” Suprean continued.

Struggling to process grief is common with loss of children, according to Naccari.

“Too often people are hurting so much and don’t want to face a funeral,” Naccari said. “They feel vulnerable and so it is easier to turn away and do nothing.”

“But on the contrary, I have observed that these funerals provide consolation, comfort, solace, and even a healthy way of healing after the loss of a baby,” Naccari said.

“It’s a good grief,” Naccari continued. “Funerals are about love and holding onto friends and family at a time of need. It can be life-changing.”

Some funerals have had as many as 100 people in attendance.

Many volunteers are “faithfully committed” to being present at every funeral.

“It could be freezing cold or blistering hot in the summer, but they just show up and either help set up, greet the parents, or stand tall next to a casket to show the love of Jesus to our families,” Naccari said.

These funerals “allow parents that special moment to mourn their loss and to remember their little one and ponder the person that little one could have been,” Naccari said.

“CBIB celebrates each life, and we believe that God somehow rights all the wrongs and makes all things new,” Naccari said. “And then we move to the next funeral.”

DHS official justifies immigration enforcement, cites St. Augustine’s ‘City of God’
Wed, 19 Nov 2025 05:00:00 -0500

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Nov 19, 2025 / 05:00 am (CNA).

Trump administration officials are vigorously defending the U.S. government’s immigration enforcement efforts, including citing St. Augustine’s “City of God” to justify enforcement actions.

The “blameless poor” are different from lawbreakers when considering how to interpret Scripture to show charity toward immigrants, a spokesman for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) told CNA in response to concerns raised by U.S. Catholic bishops about immigration policy.

U.S. bishops said in the Nov. 12 special message: “We oppose the indiscriminate mass deportation of people” and cited Matthew 25, where Jesus Christ told his disciples: “Whatever you did for one of these least brothers of mine, you did for me.”

Nathaniel Madden, principal deputy assistant secretary for communications at DHS, told CNA that when considering that verse, one should recognize “a key distinction” in how to demonstrate charity “when you’re talking about people who have knowingly broken laws to get somewhere” as opposed to “a much different situation than dealing with the blameless poor who are citizens of the same country.”

He referenced writings by St. Augustine in “City of God” on the compatibility of both justice and mercy, saying the two are not contradictory. Madden, who is Catholic, said, in some cases, DHS has to deal with “severe criminals,” and in all cases, “illegal immigration is itself illegal.”

“We have to take into account that laws were broken,” Madden said. He said authorities do ensure the “human dignity” of migrants is protected.

“We are upholding federal law that’s been in place for 60 years,” he said. “We are upholding federal laws that were justly and duly passed by the United States Congress, by the American people … and none of those laws are unjust.”

The message by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) voiced concerns with deportations, the revocation of some migrants’ temporary protected legal status, and conditions they believe threaten the “God-given human dignity” of migrants.

“Catholic teaching exhorts nations to recognize the fundamental dignity of all persons, including immigrants,” it reads. “We bishops advocate for a meaningful reform of our nation’s immigration laws and procedures. Human dignity and national security are not in conflict.”

The message passed during the USCCB’s Fall Plenary Assembly in Baltimore, with 216 bishops voting in favor of the language, five voting against it, and three abstaining. The last time bishops approved a special message was in 2013 in opposition to a federal contraception mandate.

DHS: ‘Your dignity is going to be respected’

Madden said detainees “are going to be treated like a person, and your dignity is going to be respected,” and through the entirety of the proceedings, officials “will respect your human dignity the entire time.”

When asked whether DHS agrees with the bishops that “human dignity and national security are not in conflict,” Madden responded: “Oh, 100% — they’re absolutely compatible.”

“They’re completely in line with what we believe about the human person, what we believe about human liberty, what we believe about human freedom and dignity and rights,” he said. “And that’s exactly what we’re doing. And it’s what we’ve been doing this entire time.”

A specific concern the bishops expressed was “the conditions in detention centers and the lack of access to pastoral care.” Over the past month, a point of contention was the conditions of the facility in Broadview, Illinois, and the inability for clergy to provide Communion to the Catholic detainees.

“People shouldn’t be sleeping next to overflowing toilets,” U.S. District Judge Robert Gettleman said and noted he had not yet taken up the issue of the lights being kept on all the time in the facility.

An ongoing lawsuit alleges unsanitary conditions, inadequate food and water, a lack of personal hygiene products, and no access to pastoral services in violation of the Constitution. While DHS says detainees are only meant to be there for up to 12 hours for processing, detainees testified about remaining there for several days.

Madden said Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) could not accommodate the clergy’s requests for services at Broadview because of safety concerns but that pastoral resources are available at all detention facilities where migrants are held over 72 hours. He rejected the claims of poor conditions, calling them false.

When detainees are transferred to more long-term detention centers, Madden said they have access to pastoral care, doctors, lawyers, medical treatments, and nutritionists.

“The entire time that everyone is in ICE custody, they are having their immediate needs [met], whether that’s health, lawyers, medical, food,” he said. “Everything is being met.”

Self-deportation policy defended as merciful, 'incredibly humane'

U.S. bishops objected to the large-scale deportation efforts, which Madden said is simply an enforcement of federal laws.

Madden noted that President Donald Trump has offered an opportunity to self-deport, which will allow a person to leave the country without going through the deportation proceedings, provide them with a stipend, and allow them to seek a legal pathway back into the United States if they wish.

He said that policy is “incredibly humane” and grants mercy to people who are in the country illegally.

“This administration cares deeply about the intrinsic human dignity of everybody it comes in contact with,” Madden said. “Whether you are a citizen, whether you are somebody in our custody who is being removed from the country, you have that dignity … [and] that worth just simply by being made in the image of God and this administration respects and upholds that.”

Pope Leo XIV has also spoken about deportations and immigration enforcement in the United States.

On Nov. 18, the pontiff urged Americans to listen to the message from the bishops, and said many migrants who lack legal status “are living good lives, and many of them for 10, 15, 20 years” and the government should not “treat them in a way that is extremely disrespectful.”

In his October papal exhortation Dilexi Te, the pope reminded that the Church Fathers recalled “that the Gospel is proclaimed correctly only when it impels us to touch the flesh of the least among us, and warning that doctrinal rigor without mercy is empty talk.”

Pope Leo XIV says missionaries ‘become a presence everywhere of the whole Church’
Tue, 18 Nov 2025 18:26:00 -0500

ACI Prensa Staff, Nov 18, 2025 / 18:26 pm (CNA).

In an audience with members of the diplomatic service at the papal missions, Pope Leo XIV emphasized that they have been chosen to “become a presence everywhere of the whole Church and, in particular, of the pastoral solicitude of the pope, who presides over it in charity.”

Within the context of the Jubilee of Hope, the Holy Father recalled that the holy year is “a providential opportunity to rediscover and deepen the beauty of our vocation, that is, our common call to holiness, which commits us each day to be witnesses of Christ, the living hope for the world.”

Reflecting on the missionaries’ service of “carrying the redeeming word of the Gospel to the ends of the earth,” the pope pointed out that the great missionaries remind us that inculturation is not a superficial matter, “because it springs from the desire to dedicate oneself to the land and the people we serve.”

“Your unique service is arduous and therefore requires a heart burning for God and open to all people; it demands study and skill, self-denial and courage; it grows in trust in Jesus and in docility to the Church, which is expressed through obedience to superiors,” he said.

Given the diversity of cultures and places where the papal representatives work, the pope invited them to bear witness “as priests in love with Christ and dedicated to building up his body.” He also encouraged them to be “a reflection of the affection and closeness that the pope has” for every ecclesial community.

In particular, he focused his attention on those living in contexts of hardship, conflict, and poverty, where moments of discouragement are common: “Precisely in these efforts, remember that the Church sustains you in prayer: Therefore, strengthen your priestly identity by drawing strength from the sacraments, from fraternal communion, and from constant docility to the Holy Spirit,” he counseled them.

He encouraged them to be mindful of their daily actions and to avoid isolation.

“The great missionaries remind us, in fact, that inculturation is not a folkloric [superficial] attitude, because it is born from the desire to dedicate oneself to the land and the people we serve,” he explained.

He also urged them to “confirm” their motivation by listening to the Holy Spirit and to nurture prayer: “May the light of the tabernacle dispel shadows and anxieties, illuminating the path you are traveling.”

“Holding fast to this miracle of grace, be pilgrims of hope precisely where people lack justice and peace,” he added.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo XIV encourages stronger climate actions
Tue, 18 Nov 2025 16:26:00 -0500

ACI Prensa Staff, Nov 18, 2025 / 16:26 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV said ”stronger climate actions will create stronger and fairer economic systems” in a video message to the local Churches of the Global South gathered at the Amazonian Museum in Belém, Brazil, for the United Nations climate conference (COP30).

The Holy Father greeted the representatives of bishops’ conferences from Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia on Nov. 17, joining “the prophetic voice of my brother cardinals who have taken part in COP30, telling the world with words and gestures that the Amazon region remains a living symbol of creation with an urgent need for care.”

COP30, which Belém is hosting, brings together a diverse group of leaders and scientists from around the world in an event that, according to the United Nations, aims to “discuss the priority measures needed to address climate change.”

Church hierarchy in attendance include cardinals Felipe Neri Ferrão, president of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences; Fridolin Ambongo Besungu, president of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar; and Jaime Spengler, president of the Latin American and Caribbean Bishops’ Council.

Leo XIV told the Catholic leaders that “you have chosen hope and action over despair, building a global community that works together.”

“This has delivered progress, but not enough. Hope and determination must be renewed, not only in words and aspirations but also in concrete actions,” he said.

The pope warned that “the creation is crying out in floods, droughts, storms, and relentless heat. One in three people lives in great vulnerability because of these climate changes. To them, climate change is not a distant threat, and to ignore these people is to deny our shared humanity.”

“There is still time to keep the rise in global temperatures below 1.5°C (2.7° F), but the window is closing. As stewards of God’s creation, we are called to act swiftly, with faith and prophecy, to protect the gift he entrusted to us,” he said.

The Holy Father then referred to the Paris Agreement, among whose 195 signatories is the Holy See, noting that “it has driven real progress and remains our strongest tool for protecting people and the planet.”

“But we must be honest: It is not the agreement that is failing,” the pope continued. “We are failing in our response. What is failing is the political will of some. True leadership means service and support at a scale that will truly make a difference.”

Leo XIV affirmed that “strong climate actions and policies both are an investment in a more just and stable world.”

The pontiff noted that “we walk alongside scientists, leaders, and pastors of every nation and creed. We are guardians of creation, not rivals for its spoils. Let us send a clear global signal together: nations standing in unwavering solidarity behind the Paris Agreement and behind climate cooperation.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Pope Leo XIV urges humane treatment of immigrants, calls for heeding U.S. bishops’ message
Tue, 18 Nov 2025 15:56:00 -0500

Castel Gandolfo, Italy, Nov 18, 2025 / 15:56 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV said immigrants must be treated with dignity, and he encouraged all people in the United States to heed the bishops’ message on immigration.

“No one has said that the United States should have open borders. I think every country has a right to determine who and how and when people enter,” Pope Leo XIV said Nov. 18 outside the papal villa of Castel Gandolfo before returning to Rome after a daylong stay there.

“But when people are living good lives, and many of them for 10, 15, 20 years, to treat them in a way that is extremely disrespectful, to say the least — and there’s been some violence, unfortunately — I think that the bishops have been very clear in what they said. I think that I would just invite all people in the United States to listen to them.”

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) on Nov. 12 overwhelmingly opposed the indiscriminate mass deportation of immigrants who lack legal status and urged the government to uphold the dignity of migrants.

Speaking in English, the first U.S.-born pope responded to a journalist’s question asking whether the pope could take credit for the bishops’ statement on immigration because U.S. bishops believe the pope has “got their back” on immigration. The pope replied that immigrants must be treated with dignity even if they lack legal status.

“I think we have to look for ways of treating people humanely, treating people with the dignity that they have. If people are in the United States illegally, there are ways to treat that. There are courts, there’s a system of justice. I think there are a lot of problems in the system,” the pope said.

In October, the pope used the word “inhuman” to refer to the immigration crackdown in the United States.

When journalists asked about a Chicago-area immigration facility where detainees have been barred from receiving Communion, Pope Leo said: “I would certainly invite the authorities to allow pastoral workers to attend to the needs of those people.”

U.S. bishops met in Baltimore on Nov. 12 to approve a special message on immigration.

“I appreciate very much what the bishops have said. I think it’s a very important statement. I would invite, especially all Catholics, but people of goodwill to listen carefully to what they said,” the pope said.

Pope Leo XIV on Nigeria: ‘Christians and Muslims have been slaughtered’
Tue, 18 Nov 2025 15:36:00 -0500

Castel Gandolfo, Italy, Nov 18, 2025 / 15:36 pm (CNA).

Both Christians and Muslims have been slaughtered in Nigeria, where there is terrorist activity over economic questions, Pope Leo XIV told journalists as he left his Castel Gandolfo residence on Tuesday evening.

“I think in Nigeria, in certain areas, there is certainly a danger for Christians, but for all people. Christians and Muslims have been slaughtered,” he said, addressing a question from EWTN News about the safety of Nigerian Christians on Nov. 18.

“There’s a question of terrorism. There’s a question that has to do a lot with economics, if you will, and control of the lands that they have,” the pope continued. “Unfortunately, many Christians have died, and I think it’s very, it’s important to seek a way for the government, with all peoples, to promote authentic religious freedom.”

Leo answered questions from journalists as he left his Castel Gandolfo residence, Villa Barberini, to return to the Vatican after spending the day at the papal retreat, located 18 miles south of Rome.

As he left his residence, Leo was greeted to enthusiastic cheers from a small group of people, including several engaged couples participating in a marriage preparation course at the local parish. The young people, together with their pastor, Father Tadeusz Rozmus, gave the pope a framed photo of their group.

U.S. President Donald Trump made Nigeria a country of particular concern on Nov. 3. The U.S. government gives the designation to countries identified as having or tolerating particularly severe religious freedom violations.

In the wake of the designation, Nigeria’s government denied that ongoing violence in the country is based on religious affiliation or that Christians are being targeted in particular.

“Portraying Nigeria’s security challenges as a targeted campaign against a single religious group is a gross misrepresentation of reality,” authorities said in a statement posted on X on Sept. 28.

“Terrorists attack all who reject their murderous ideology — Muslims, Christians, and those of no faith alike,” the statement continued. “Christianity is neither endangered nor marginalized in Nigeria.”

Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Vatican secretary of state, drew criticism last month after telling journalists that violence in Nigeria was “not a religious conflict, but rather a social conflict, for example, between herders and farmers.”

Parolin’s remarks were made on the sidelines of a conference for the release of the Catholic charity Aid to the Church in Need’s 2025 Religious Freedom Report.

“Let’s keep in mind that many Muslims who come to Nigeria are victims of this intolerance,” he continued.” So, these extremist groups, these groups that make no distinctions to advance their goals, their objectives, use violence against anyone they perceive as an opponent.”

Parolin’s comments repeat “the Nigerian government’s talking points that obfuscate and downplay the persecution of the Catholic faithful and other Christians in Nigeria’s Middle Belt,” Nina Shea, a commissioner of the U.S. Commission on Religious Freedom, told the National Catholic Register, CNA’s sister news partner.

The religious freedom report from Aid to the Church in Need found “a severe and escalating wave of violence, largely driven by extremist Islamist groups such as Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP)” during the two-year reporting period.

The report affirms that religious affiliation plays an important role in the ongoing violence in Nigeria, alongside other social causes, including poverty, preexisting ethnic and intercommunal violence, and conflict over land and water disputes between Fulani herders and non-Fulani farmers.

“Although exact figures are difficult to assess, Christians have been the target of extrajudicial killings and abductions by insurgent groups and criminal gangs,” the report states.

“It is also important to note that, although Christians suffer the brunt of extremist violence, the fact that the terrorist groups operate in states with a predominantly Muslim population means that the violence has not only affected Christians but also Muslims,” it continues.